The Development and Spread of Antibiotic‐resistant Bacteria as a Consequence of Feeding Antibiotics to Livestock*

Novick, Richard P.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb15430.x

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…However, increased tetracycline, macrolide, and aminoglycoside resistance among the E. coli and some of the pathogenic isolates may be indicative of their use on the visited farms. It has been hypothesized that up to 2% of a bacterial population, and up to 10% in an antibiotic‐exposed population can be resistant to any antibiotic, just due to natural mutation rates (Novick, 1981), however a selective pressure (i.e., antibiotic use) may be needed to express this as a dominant genotype and subsequent phenotype. Tetracycline class antibiotics such as chlorotetracycline and oxytetracycline, and β lactams, such as penicillin and cephalosporin have been predominantly used as veterinarian‐prescribed treatments in CAFOs such as swine farms (Jindal et al, 2006; Rajic et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Profiles of Anaerobic Swine Lagoon Effluent

Brooks¹,

McLaughlin

2009

J of Env Quality

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Although land application of swine (Sus scrofa) manure lagoon effluent is a common and effective method of disposal, the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, both pathogenic and commensal can complicate already understood issues associated with its safe disposal. The aim of this study was to assess antibiotic resistance in swine lagoon bacteria from sow, nursery, and finisher farms in the southeastern United States. Effluents from 37 lagoons were assayed for the presence of Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Listeria, and Salmonella. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined by the Kirby-Bauer swab method for 12 antibiotics comprising eight classes. Statistical analyses indicated that farm type influenced the amount and type of resistance, with nurseries and sow farms ranking as most influential, perhaps due to use of more antibiotic treatments. Finisher farms tended to have the least amount of antibiotic class resistance, signaling an overall healthier market pig, and less therapeutic or prophylactic antibiotic use. Many bacterial isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin, and tetracycline class antibiotics, while nearly all were susceptible to quinolone antibiotics. It appeared that swine farm type had a significant association with the amount of resistance associated with bacterial genera sampled from the lagoons; nurseries contributed the largest amount of bacterial resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Profiles of Anaerobic Swine Lagoon Effluent

Brooks¹,

McLaughlin

2009

J of Env Quality

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“…The logical interpretation of the results of the multiple antibiotic resistances is that all Salmonella isolated in the study might have originated from environments where antimicrobials are often used. Novick (1981) and Nowroozi, Mirzaii, and Norauzi (2004) also demonstrated that indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry production and eggs has increased the emergence and maintenance of MAR bacteria in the environment.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistance Patternsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of Salmonella in chicken eggs collected from poultry farms and marketing channels and their antimicrobial resistance

Singh¹,

Yadav²,

Singh³

et al. 2010

Food Research International

122

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“…The strains examined here are resistant to both TET and sulfadiazine. The emergence of Tet r strains isolated from livestock raises the issue of antibiotic use in animal feeds (26). Chlortetracycline was the first feed additive, introduced in 1950, and has seen widespread use over the past 50 years (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%