Ethiopia is in an early phase of development of formal psychosocial support for children and families. Examining the historical, political and economic factors affecting the current landscape of social work services in Ethiopia show that there are a number of factors influencing risks and vulnerabilities of children and families. Each of these vulnerabilities will be discussed briefly as they relate to the methods of service being provided currently. In addition, this paper reviews the current status of service providers, the gaps in the provision of services, and considers recommendations for the profession of social work seeking to meet these needs to ensure the protection of human rights for women and their children.