The development and in vivo function of T helper 9 cells

Kaplan, Mark H.; Hufford, Matthew M.; Olson, Matthew R.

doi:10.1038/nri3824

Cited by 311 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes T-cell and mast-cell growth and mast-cell accumulation in tissue as well as IgE switching in B cells (1). In line, allergic patients have increased numbers of T cells that produce IL-9 in response to various allergens (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Human Vδ2 T cells are a major source of interleukin-9

Peters

Häsler

Wesch

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Vδ2Vγ9 T cells are the dominant γδ T-cell subset in human peripheral blood. Vδ2 T cells recognize pyrophosphate molecules derived from microbes or tumor cells; hence, they play a role in antimicrobial and antitumor immunity. TGF-β, together with IL-15, induces a regulatory phenotype in Vδ2 T cells, characterized by forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) expression and suppressive activity on CD4 T-cell activation. We performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis and found that the same conditions (TGF-β plus IL-15) strongly enhanced the expression of additional genes in Vδ2 T cells, including IKAROS family zinc finger 4 (IKZF4; Eos), integrin subunit alpha E (ITGAE; CD103/αEβ7), and IL9. This up-regulation was associated with potent IL-9 production as revealed by flow cytometry and multiplex analysis of cell culture supernatants. In contrast to CD4 and CD8 αβ T cells, γδ T cells did not require IL-4 for induction of intracellular IL-9 expression. Upon antigen restimulation of Vδ2 T cells expanded in vitro in the presence of TGF-β and IL-15, IL-9 was the most abundant among 16 analyzed cytokines and chemokines. IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various (patho)physiological conditions, including allergy and tumor defense, where it can promote antitumor immunity. Given the conspicuous sensitivity of many different tumors to Vδ2 T-cell–mediated killing, the conditions defined here for strong induction of IL-9 might be relevant for the development of Vδ2 T-cell–based immunotherapy.

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mentioning

confidence: 90%

Human Vδ2 T cells are a major source of interleukin-9

Peters

Häsler

Wesch

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…112 The release of IL-9 has been proposed to account for the anticancer efficacy of these cells. Moreover, Th9 cells release IL-21, which promotes the production of IFNg and tumor elimination by CD8 C T cells and NK cells.…”

Section: Natural Killer T Cells (Nkt) Gd T Cells and Innate Lymphoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune network in thyroid cancer

2016

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The immune system plays critical roles in tumor prevention, but also in its initiation and progression. Tumors are subjected to immunosurveillance, but cancer cells generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favors their escape from immune-mediated elimination. During chronic inflammation, immune cells can contribute to the formation and progression of tumors by producing mitogenic, prosurvival, proangiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors. Thyroid cancer is the most frequent type of endocrine neoplasia and is the most rapidly increasing cancer in the US. In this review, we discuss recent findings on how different immune cells and mediators can contribute to thyroid cancer development and progression.

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“…Elle peut cependant être produite également par de nombreux autres types cellulaires [1,37], dont les lymphocytes T CD4 (Th2, Th17 et Treg), les lymphocytes T CD8, les cellules natural killer (NK), les cellules lymphoïdes innées de type 2 (ILC2), mais aussi des cellules non lymphocytaires comme les mastocytes et les éosinophiles. Dans ces autres cellules, différentes des Th9, l'IL-9 peut contribuer à leur activité antitumorale.…”

Section: Les Cytokines Antitumorales Produites Par Les Th9unclassified

“…GATA-3 pourrait interagir avec le facteur de transcription Foxp3 et ainsi réprimer la différenciation (induite par le TGF-b) des cellules en Treg (T régulateurs) [11]. 1 Les cellules Th9 (pour T helper 9) sont des lymphocytes T CD4 caractérisés par la production d'interleukine-9 (IL-9) et la très faible expression de cytokines considé-rées comme des marqueurs d'autres sous-populations de lymphocytes T auxiliaires comme l'interféron (IFN) g, l'IL-4 et l'IL-17. Peu abondants dans les conditions normales, ces lymphocytes auxiliaires ont été essentiellement caractérisés grâce à l'étude de cellules dérivées de lymphocytes T CD4 naïfs cultivés in vitro en présence de TGF-b (tumor growth factor-b) et d'IL-4.…”

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“…Peu abondants dans les conditions normales, ces lymphocytes auxiliaires ont été essentiellement caractérisés grâce à l'étude de cellules dérivées de lymphocytes T CD4 naïfs cultivés in vitro en présence de TGF-b (tumor growth factor-b) et d'IL-4. Ils sont considérés comme des lymphocytes inflammatoires et sont impliqués dans les maladies atopiques et autoimmunes et dans la défense contre les parasites [1]. Récemment, les Th9 se sont révélés particulièrement efficaces dans la lutte contre le cancer.…”

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