The Developing Kidney

Nash, Martin A.; Edelmann, Chester M.

doi:10.1159/000180221

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…In very low birthweight infants, GFR is only 67% of that of fullterm infants [44]. The development of tubular function lags behind that of the glomerulus [45]. …”

Section: Biological Characteristics Of Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacology of Furosemide in Neonates: A Review

Pacifici

2013

Pharmaceuticals

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Furosemide is the diuretic most used in newborn infants. It blocks the Na+-K+-2Cl− symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle increasing urinary excretion of Na+ and Cl−. This article aimed to review the published data on the clinical pharmacology of furosemide in neonates to provide a critical, comprehensive, authoritative and, updated survey on the metabolism, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and side-effects of furosemide in neonates. The bibliographic search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE databases as search engines; January 2013 was the cutoff point. Furosemide half-life (t1/2) is 6 to 20-fold longer, clearance (Cl) is 1.2 to 14-fold smaller and volume of distribution (Vd) is 1.3 to 6-fold larger than the adult values. t1/2 shortens and Cl increases as the neonatal maturation proceeds. Continuous intravenous infusion of furosemide yields more controlled diuresis than the intermittent intravenous infusion. Furosemide may be administered by inhalation to infants with chronic lung disease to improve pulmonary mechanics. Furosemide stimulates prostaglandin E2 synthesis, a potent dilator of the patent ductus arteriosus, and the administration of furosemide to any preterm infants should be carefully weighed against the risk of precipitation of a symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Infants with low birthweight treated with chronic furosemide are at risk for the development of intra-renal calcifications.

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“…In very low birthweight infants, GFR is only 67% of that of fullterm infants [44]. The development of tubular function lags behind that of the glomerulus [45]. …”

Section: Biological Characteristics Of Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacology of Furosemide in Neonates: A Review

Pacifici

2013

Pharmaceuticals

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“…The study of two hospitals in India evidence 600 new cases of urolithiasis in children in a period of 2 years; 60% of them had bladder calculi [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithiasis in Children

2016

IJSR

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Background: Urolithiasis is already one of the oldest diseases even in pediatric patients. The prevalence of kidney stones is estimated to be 1:20.000 children/year. The medium age of onset is between 5-7 years. The aim of our study was to see the characteristic features, predisposing factors and therapeutic procedures for urolithiasis in children, as well as metabolic abnormalities especially hypercalciuria. Methods: In a retrospective study we involved 216 patients (46% of them with family history for kidney stones) in an 8 year period (study period from 2007 till 2015). All patients underwent abdominal ultrasonography and laboratory examination. Results: Male/female ratio was 2.17:1. Diagnostic medium age was 6.44 years. The most frequent symptoms were: back pain in 33.3%, abdominal pain in 19.4%, gross hematuria in 19.4%, microhematuria in 14%, urinary retention in 9.7%, dysuria in 8.3%, vomiting in 11.1%, growth retardation in 4.2%, hypertension in 1.4%, spontaneous passage of renal calculi in 5.5%. 4.2% of patients were asymptomatic. Infectious stone was found in 47.2% of cases. The chemical composition of the stone was studied only in 51% of cases from which 56% appeared to be calcium oxalate and phosphate stones. Metabolic abnormalities were found in 50% of patients. Conclusions: Urolithiasis is common disease among Albanian children. 50% of patients had metabolic disorders. Calcium-oxalate and calcium-phosphate represents the most frequent types of calculi. Hypercalciuria is the most important metabolic disorder. Hypocitraturia is the risk factor to calcium urolithiasis. We recommend that every child with stone must be estimated for a metabolic screening.

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“…They have an attenuated response to acute volume expansion and do not excrete a sodium load as adults do (9)(10)(11). This finding has previously been attributed to the immaturity of the neonatal kidney (12).…”

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confidence: 87%

Dietary Sodium Modulates Neonatal but Not Adult Cardiac Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Rats

et al. 1995

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After an initial postnatal diuresis, neonates are in positive sodium balance. Because atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contributes to sodium homeostasis, this study was designed to evaluate the maturational effects of increased dietary sodium intake on cardiac ANP production. Preweaned Sprague-Dawley rat pups were artificially reared by feeding them either a normalsodium or high-sodium diet for 7 d and were compared with maternally reared rat pups. Adult rats were divided into three groups: the first group was given ad libitum rat food and 1% sodium chloride to drink, the second group was pair-fed with this group but given tap water to drink, and the third group was fed ad libitum rat food and water for 10 d. Atrial and ventricular pro-ANP and ANP contents and plasma ANP concentrations were measured by RIA. Steady state atrial and ventricular ANP mRNA expression was determined by Northern and dot-blot analysis. There was a Zfold increase in atrial pro-ANP and ANP content and a 50% decrease in plasma ANP concentration in preweaned rat pups fed a high-salt diet. In contrast, atrial pro-ANP and ANP content and plasma ANP concentration were not affected by increased sodium intake in adult rats. Atrial and ventricular ANP mRNA levels and ventricular pro-ANP and ANP contents were not altered by dietary sodium at either age. We conclude thal chronic increase in sodium intake in the preweaning period results in increased storage of atrial pro-ANP. The decrease in plasma ANP concentration in these preweaned rats may be due to reduced basal secretion or enhanced degradation of the peptide. (Pediutr Res 37: 310-315, 1995) Abbreviations AH, adult high-sotlium diet AL, adult ad libitum diet AN, adult normal-sodium diet ANF, atrial natriuretic factor ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide GAPDH, glyceraltlehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase PWH, preweaned high-sodium diet PWM, preweaned maternally reared PWN, preweaned normal-sodium diet C-receptor, clearance receptor ANP, secreted primarily from atrial myocytes, exhibits natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties. Since 1981, when ANP was first described by de Bold et al. (I), the production, secretion, and actions of the peptide have been further elucidated. Although atrial stretch is generally recognized as the major stimulus for ANP release, recent studies suggest an important role for sodium ingestion in ANP regulation (2-4).In term and preterm infants, there is an initial diuresis and natriuresis that occur in conjunction with an increase in plasma

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The Developing Kidney

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Clinical Pharmacology of Furosemide in Neonates: A Review

Clinical Pharmacology of Furosemide in Neonates: A Review

Urolithiasis in Children

Dietary Sodium Modulates Neonatal but Not Adult Cardiac Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Rats

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