The Determination of Wood Density Using Beta Rays

Cameron, J.F.; Berry, P.F.; Phillips, E. W. J.

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1959.13.3.78

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The first tests with ionising radiation were made in the late 1950s with b-rays (Cameron et al 1959) and c-rays, which are still used (Tiitta et al 1996). X-rays are, however, the most common method based on radiographic measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron imaging versus standard X-ray densitometry as method to measure tree-ring wood density

Mannes

Lehmann

Cherubini

et al. 2007

Trees

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Neutron imaging is a new non-destructive testing method in wood science. It is similar to X-ray methods but with differing sensitivities for different elements. In this study, neutron imaging was used to ascertain the density profiles of thin spruce samples and compared with results generated with standard X-ray microdensitometry. Data obtained through neutron imaging were similar to those resulting from the X-ray method. The advantage of neutron imaging is its higher sensitivity to some elements such as hydrogen. Together with the high neutron-sensitivity of the applied detectors (imaging plates) this makes shorter exposure times possible, and yields more detailed information on the inner composition of wood. X-ray film, which is still most commonly used in X-ray densitometry, has the disadvantage that the relationship between the optical density of the film and the density of wood is non-linear. This means that corrections and calibration with step wedges are necessary, whereas with neutron imaging the digital values can be used directly to calculate the density at a certain point of the specimen.Thus neutron imaging appears to be an appropriate method, which can be used as complement to established X-ray methods for fast and straightforward investigations of tree rings, growth zones and wood density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron imaging versus standard X-ray densitometry as method to measure tree-ring wood density

Mannes

Lehmann

Cherubini

et al. 2007

Trees

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show abstract

“…Simpson 1993, Simpson & TenWolde 1999 and spe cific measurement methods papers, such as: medical CAT-scan imaging for very small samples (Lindgren 1991); stereometric me thod (Rabier et al 2006); mercury method (cf. Dutilleul et al 1998); microdensitometer techniques (Cameron et al 1959, Polge 1966, Mothe et al 1998, Bergsten et al 2001; basic density (dry weight / wet volu me) for freshly collected samples for conver sion to AGB (Fearnside 1997); vibrational spectroscopy such as near infrared reflec tance (NIR -Via et al 2003, Via et al 2005, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic bands (Via et al 2011) and Diffuse Reflectance Mid-Infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT-MIR - Nuopponen et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of using xylarium wood samples for wood density calculations: a comparison of approaches for volume measurement

Maniatis¹,

André²,

Temmerman³

et al. 2011

iForest

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Wood specific gravity (WSG) is an important biometric variable for aboveground biomass calculations in tropical forests. Sampling a sufficient number of trees in remote tropical forests to represent the species and size distribution of a forest to generate information on WSG can be logistically challenging. Several thousands of wood samples exist in xylaria around the world that are easily accessible to researchers. We propose the use of wood samples held in xylaria as a valid and overlooked option. Due to the nature of xylarium samples, determining wood volume to calculate WSG presents several challenges. A description and assessment is provided of five different methods to measure wood sample volume: two solid displacement methods and three liquid displacement methods (hydrostatic methods). Two methods were specifically developed for this paper: the use of laboratory parafilm to wrap the wood samples for the hydrostatic method and two glass microbeads devices for the solid displacement method. We find that the hydrostatic method with samples not wrapped in laboratory parafilm is the most accurate and preferred method. The two methods developed for this study give close agreement with the preferred method (r 2 > 0.95). We show that volume can be estimated accurately for xylarium samples with the proposed methods. Additionally, the WSG for 53 species was measured using the preferred method. Significant differences exist between the WSG means of the measured species and the WSG means in an existing density database. Finally, for 4 genera in our dataset, the genus-level WSG average is representative of the species-level WSG average

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“…Many attempts have been made to classify woods with respect to their acidity, based on measurements made by means of indicators and by the glass electrode (2,3,4). Since seasoned or air-dry wood contains insufficient moisture to allow reliable readings to be made by either method without further wetting, such measurments can give only an approximate guide to the nature and amount of free acid present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zur Methodik der Strukturprüfung von Hölzern mit dem Nadelstichverfahren

Sachsse¹

1960

Holzforschung

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The Determination of Wood Density Using Beta Rays

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Neutron imaging versus standard X-ray densitometry as method to measure tree-ring wood density

Neutron imaging versus standard X-ray densitometry as method to measure tree-ring wood density

The potential of using xylarium wood samples for wood density calculations: a comparison of approaches for volume measurement

Zur Methodik der Strukturprüfung von Hölzern mit dem Nadelstichverfahren

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