The determination of the otic vesicle in Rana pipiens

Inherited diseases of the inner ear in man in the light of studies on the mouse.

“…The ectoderm in the region of the future otic placode acquires its ear-forming capacity in very early stages, probably as a result of the inductive influence of the underlying mesoderm (Zwilling, 1941;Horstadius, 1950). Once this capacity has been acquired it will continue to develop in the normal direction for a limited time even when transplanted to some other part of the embryo.…”

Vertebrate neurogenic placode development: Historical highlights that have shaped our current understanding

“…Following Stone, another well‐cited researcher, Edgar Zwilling, commenced his doctoral studies in experimental embryology using an amphibian model to examine inductive requirements for the olfactory and otic epithelia (Zwilling, ; Zwilling, ). Zwilling must have also been influenced by Waddington (discussed later), as his subsequent research primarily used the chick embryo model, including studies of mutant lines, and experimental approaches to examine limb and tail development.…”

The role of the hindbrain in patterning of the otocyst

“…Perhaps the earliest interest in the role of the hindbrain on inner ear morphogenesis arose from reports focusing more on early induction of the inner ear (otocyst induction) rather than otocyst patterning (Detwiler and Van Dyke, 1950;Fritzsch et al, 1998;Schlosser, 2006; Torres and Giraldez, 1998;Yntema, 1950;Yntema, 1955;Zwilling, 1940). However, tracing the advances in this field reflects the evolution of our understanding and provides some underpinnings for the study of hindbrain patterning of the otocyst that we focus upon in this review.…”