The determination of the methionine requirement of laying pullets by a diet dilution technique

Fisher, C.; Morris, Trevor

doi:10.1080/00071667008415793

Cited by 122 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high-protein summit diet was formulated to contain~1.2 times the digestible MC and THR levels suggested by Rostagno et al (2005) for broilers during the respective phases, and all other essential amino acids were set at a minimum of 1.4 times their suggested levels. These summit diets were diluted sequentially with isoenergetic, protein-free diets (N free) (Fisher and Morris, 1970) (Table 1), to create a range of seven feeds increasing in content of the studied amino acids as shown in Table 2.To verify whether the responses were due to limitation of the selected amino acid in the dilution series, a pilot trial for each amino acid was conducted with 30 male Cobb broilers from 1 to 14 days for MC and from 7 to 21 days for THR. They were distributed in a completely random design between two treatments in each trial, one with the lowest studied levels for each amino acid and the other the control treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Donato

Sakomura

Silva

et al. 2016

Animal

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The intensification of livestock have increased the emission of pollutants to the environment, leading to a growing interest in seeking strategies that minimise these emissions. Studies have shown that it is possible to manipulate diets by reducing CP levels and thus reducing nitrogen (N) excretion, without compromising performance. However, there is no knowledge of any study that has focused on reducing N excretion and relating this reduction to individual amino acids. This study investigated the effect of dietary methionine + cysteine (MC) and threonine (THR), the two most limiting amino acids for broiler production, on nitrogen excretion (NE) and nitrogen deposition (ND) and determined the efficiency of utilisation of both amino acids for protein deposition. Six trials were conducted to measure the NE and ND in broiler chickens during three rearing phases in response to dietary amino acid. The efficiency of utilisation of the amino acids was calculated by linear regression of body protein deposition and the amino acid intake. Despite the differences between sexes and phases, the efficiency of utilisation was the same, being 0.60 and 0.59 for MC and THR, respectively. The rate of NE behaved exponentially, increasing with amino acid intake, and can exceed 50% of N intake, being higher than ND. On average, for a reduction in intake of each unit of MC or THR (mg) there is a reduction of 0.5% of NE. Although this reduction seems low, considering that it corresponds to changes in one amino acid only, the impact on a large scale would be significant. Knowledge of how animals respond to NE and ND/protein deposition according to amino acid dietary content may represent new efforts towards reducing the impact on environment.Keywords: amino acids, efficiency of utilisation, environmental pollution, nutrition, poultry ImplicationsThis study shows the effect of amino acids on nitrogen excretion and deposition and on their efficiency of utilisation for protein deposition by broilers. The nitrogen originating from the poultry is an environmental pollutant. Provision of higher amounts of amino acids, besides not increasing protein deposition, also causes increased nitrogen excretion. Meeting animal's amino acids requirements, provides greater efficiency of utilisation of these amino acids, without affecting protein deposition in the animals, and thus reduces nitrogen excretion. In this way, the management of amino acids in broilers diets may allow new efforts to reduce the impact of intensification of livestock. IntroductionThe intensification of livestock have significantly increased the emission of pollutants to the environment, leading to a growing interest in seeking alternatives that minimise these emissions. The European Union has already implemented laws regulating environmental pollution, especially in regard to the emission of nitrogen (N) compounds, considered to be a critical pollutants affecting life on earth (European Commission, 2007). N compounds are responsible for pollution of groundwater due to nitrate lea...

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Section: Experimental Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Donato

Sakomura

Silva

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…This method has been criticised mainly because the successive additions of Val change the amino acid balance relative to all amino acids, and not just Lys, at each dose, and it is difficult to formulate a basal diet that is deficient in Val but sufficient in all other amino acids. Furthermore, at high Val supplementation levels, Val may no longer be first limiting and there might be an additional response if new first-limiting amino acids were supplemented to the diet (Fisher and Morris, 1970;Gous and Morris, 1985). The composition of V5 and V6 was the same except that V6 was supplemented with 1.8 g synthetic valine/kg feed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This graded supplementation technique has been subjected to criticism mainly because the addition of increasing doses of the limiting amino acid to the basal diet changes the amino acid balance throughout the series of diets used (Fisher and Morris, 1970;Gous and Morris, 1985). At high supplementation levels the amino acid under test may no longer be first limiting but a further response might be elicited by increasing the level of the newly created first-limiting amino acid(s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At high supplementation levels the amino acid under test may no longer be first limiting but a further response might be elicited by increasing the level of the newly created first-limiting amino acid(s). To avoid possible interference of imbalances between other amino acids than Val and Leu, a summit dilution technique (Fisher and Morris, 1970) was used in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The response of weaned piglets to dietary valine and leucine

Meyer

Rensburg

Gous

2017

Animal

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Valine (Val) is considered to be the fifth-limiting amino acid in a maize-soyabean meal diet for pigs. Excess leucine (Leu) levels often occur in commercial diets, which may attenuate the effect of Val deficiency because of an increased oxidation of Val. The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effect of increasing concentrations of Leu on the response of young piglets to dietary Val. In all, 75 Large White × Landrace entire male pigs, 44 days of age and with a mean starting weight of 13.5 kg, were used. Three of these were sacrificed at the start to determine their mean initial chemical composition. A summit feed first limiting in Val was serially diluted with a non-protein diluent to produce a series of five digestible Val concentrations of 11.9, 10.1, 8.3, 6.6 and 4.8 g/kg, with a sixth treatment being added to test that the feeds were limiting in Val. Three identical Val series, each with six levels of Val, were supplemented with increasing amounts of Leu (23, 45 and 67 g/kg), thus 18 treatments in total. All pigs were killed at the end of the trial after 18 days for analysis of water, protein, lipid and ash in the carcass. The levels of Val and Leu and their interaction significantly influenced all the measurements taken in the trial. Daily gain in liveweight, water and protein, and feed conversion efficiency all increased with dietary Val content, whereas feed intake decreased as both Val and Leu contents increased. The deleterious effect of increased Leu on feed intake and growth was more marked at lower levels of Val. Supplementing the feed with the lowest Val content with additional Val largely overcame the effect of excess Leu. The efficiency of utilisation of Val for protein growth was unaffected by the level of Leu in the feed, the primary response to excess Leu being a reduction in feed intake. An intake of around 9 g Val/day yielded maximal protein growth during the period from 44 to 62 days of age in pigs of the genotype used in this trial.

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Variation between individuals and the consequences for diet selection by groups of animals

Arsenos¹,

Emmans²,

Kyriazakis³

2000

Animal Behaviour

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The determination of the methionine requirement of laying pullets by a diet dilution technique

Cited by 122 publications

References 17 publications

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

The response of weaned piglets to dietary valine and leucine

Variation between individuals and the consequences for diet selection by groups of animals

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