The determination of ploughing force and its influence on material properties in metal cutting

Snow machining and side slipping in alpine skiing

“…The chip works as a link between the uncut metal and the tool. The total force applied to the tool by the chip and the workpiece is F r = F n + F f + F edge , where F n is the normal force applied to the tool by the chip at the rake face and F f is the friction force force emerging at this face (see figure 1) and F edge is called the edge force (Guo & Chou, 2004;Stevenson, 1998;Wyen & K. Wegener, 2010). The edge-force is also referred to as a "zero-feed force", as it remains finite in the limit of vanishing chip thickness.…”

“…Visual inspection of the data for orthogonal machining suggests that the data points are shifted above the theoretical curve by about 0.2. Such a shift is a manifestation of the edge force (Guo & Chou, 2004;Wyen & K. Wegener, 2010). So next we tried F c /N = tan Ψ + 0.2.…”

Distribution of unit forces on the tool edge rounding in the case of finishing turning

“…The majority of the work has been experimental in nature and little work can be found that deals with the thermal aspects. Guo and Chou examined the extrapolation of cutting force to zero uncut chip thickness [13]. They confirmed that the extrapolation method may be suitable to determine the ploughing force, which is also dependent upon cutting speed with a possible non-linear relationship.…”

Cutting forces prediction: The experimental identification of orthogonal cutting coefficients

“…Different methods to reveal the edge forces are known from literature, such as the direct measurement method of the edge forces [20], the extrapolation method on zero uncut thickness [2,21], and the comparison method of total forces at different flank wears [22].…”

“…For materials combinations not supported by a database, simple cutting experiments can provide necessary data [13,[18][19][20][21][22], while in the works [23][24] numerical simulations are used.…”