The determination of heavy metals in water, suspended materials and sediments from Langat River, Malaysia

Sarmani, Sukiman

doi:10.1007/bf00026558

Cited by 42 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…and 3.0-37.9 µg g −1 dry wt., respectively (Sarmani, 1989). In comparison with natural average global shale values (Mason and Moore, 1982), Pb in Juru River was about five times higher than natural values (20 µg g −1 ), while Cu was two times higher (shale value of 45 µg g −1 ) and Zn was four times higher (shale value of 95 µg g −1 ).…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Heavy metal pollution status in the Malaysian aquatic environment

Shazili

Yunus

Ahmad

et al. 2006

Aquatic Ecosystem Health &Amp; Management

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this paper was to review the status of the Malaysian aquatic environment with respect to heavy metals. Much of the work on metals focused on measurements in biota and sediments, but very little research has been done on dissolved and particulate metals in water, metal speciation in sediments or on the bioavailability of metals. Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) received much attention but due to technical difficulties, Arsenic, (As), Mercury (Hg), Tin (Sn) and other hydride elements have not been well studied.The sources of metal pollution come from manufacturing, agriculture, sewage and motor vehicle emissions. The few reliable studies on metals in water indicate that some rivers were contaminated with Pb, Cu and Zn. Measurements in fish, bivalves and shrimp indicate no contamination of these resources by metals. However contamination by Cd and Pb was noted in some littoral shore molluscs such as Thais sp. as well as rock oysters ( Saccostrea sp.) which may be due to non-anthropogenic sources.Sediments of the Juru and Langat rivers are contaminated by Pb and Zn, while the Langat River was heavily contaminated by Cd. The concentrations of Zn and Pb in coastal sediments off Juru in Penang, and in the Johor Strait were two and three times higher than global shale values. The source of Pb pollution was thought to be derived from the use of leaded petrol. Metal levels in sediments of the Malacca Strait and the South China Sea were generally similar to global shale values.

show abstract

Section: Heavy Metals In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Heavy metal pollution status in the Malaysian aquatic environment

Shazili

Yunus

Ahmad

et al. 2006

Aquatic Ecosystem Health &Amp; Management

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yusuf [48] and Mamun et al [50] also investigated a similar concentration of Pb of 8.7 µg/L and 10 µg/L, respectively, in the Langat River (Table 3). However, Wang et al [58] recorded a very high Pb concentration of 154.96 ± 193.34 µg/L in the Huaihe River, China, whereas in Langat the highest concentration was recorded, 57.78 µg/L, mainly because of mining activities [49]. Sarmani [49] has reported very high concentrations of Cd (35.56 µg/L) and Pb (57.78 µg/L) in the Langat River, mainly because of water sampling near the mining sites.…”

Section: Water Quality Status In the Langat Rivermentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Mamun et al [50] also reported a similar concentration of dissolved Cd in the Langat River (1.0 µg/L). However, Sarmani [49] and Yusuf [48] have observed a very high concentration of Cd in the Langat River, 35.56 µg/L and 24 µg/L, respectively. Accordingly, Wang et al [58] investigated the highly dissolved Cd concentration of 61.74 ± 90.12 µg/L in the Huaihe River, China.…”

Section: Water Quality Status In the Langat Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ingestion of these metals, even at the trace level, is dangerous for human health if ingested via drinking water due to its toxicity [44][45][46][47]. Meanwhile, very high concentrations of dissolved Cd 35.56 µg/L, Cr 24 µg/L [48] and Pb 57.78 µg/L in the Langat River [49] have already been recorded; however, lower concentrations of dissolved Pb, i.e., 8.7 µg/L [48] and 10 µg/L [50], were also reported in the Langat River. Moreover, the Langat River is the primary source of drinking water in the Langat River Basin, and it provides drinking water to almost a third of the population in the Selangor state of Malaysia [2,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigating the Status of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead in the Drinking Water Supply Chain to Ensure Drinking Water Quality in Malaysia

Ahmed

Mokhtar

Alam

et al. 2020

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prolonged persistence of toxic cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in the aquatic environment are due to its nonbiodegradable characteristic. A few studies have reported higher concentrations of these metals in the transboundary Langat River, Malaysia. This study determined the spatial and temporal distributions of Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations (2005–2015) in the Langat River along with assessing the status of these metals in the drinking water supply chain at the basin. Water samples were collected once in 2015 from the drinking water supply chain, i.e., from the river, treated water at plants, taps and filtration water at households. Determined mean concentrations of Cd, Cr and Pb by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the Langat River were within the drinking water quality standard of Malaysia and the WHO, except for the Pb (9.99 ± 1.40 µg/L) concentration, which was at the maximum limit, 10 µg/L. The spatial and temporal distribution of these metals’ concentrations indicate dilution of it downstream, along with the increasing trend in rainfall and water flow, especially during the northeast monsoon. Significant correlation and regression analysis of the Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations also indicate that the sources of this metal pollution are mainly the natural weathering of minerals along with anthropogenic activities in the basin. The determined overall water quality of the Langat River is categorized Class IIA (i.e., clean), which requires conventional treatment before drinking; however, the maximum removal efficiency of these metals by the plants at the basin was about 90.17%. Therefore, the proactive leadership roles of the local authorities will be appropriate to reduce the pollution of this river as well as introducing a two-layer water filtration system at the Langat River Basin to accelerate the achievement of a sustainable drinking water supply.

show abstract

“…According to the Department of Environment of Malaysia (2009), Langat River is one of the most polluted rivers in the state of Selangor because of rapid industrialization and urbanization arising from infrastructural development and the expansion of the population. Chemical pollution has recently caused public concern regarding drinking water safety because the Langat River is the primary source of drinking water (Al-Odaini et al 2013;Azrina et al 2006;Lim et al 2013b;Sarmani 1989;Yusoff et al 2008). Continuous exposure to large amounts of sewage effluent from private and public sewage treatment plants, individual septic tanks, and domestic sewage can be one of the steroid hormone sources in the river water and sediment of the Langat River (Al-Odaini et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of selected estrogenic compounds and estrogenic activity in surface water and sediment of Langat River (Malaysia)

Praveena

Lui

Hamin

et al. 2016

Environ Monit Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The occurrence and estrogenic activities of steroid estrogens, such as the natural estrone (E1), 17β estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3), as well as the synthetic 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), were investigated in eight sampling points along the Langat River (Malaysia). Surface water samples were collected at 0.5 m and surface sediment 0-5 cm from the river surface. Instrument analysis of steroid estrogens was determined by UPLC-ESI-MS with an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph (Perkin Elmer FX15) coupled to a Q Trap function mass spectrophotometer (model 3200: AB Sciex). Steroid estrogen concentrations were higher in the Langat River sediments than those in its surface water. In surface water, E1 was not detected in any sampling point, E2 was only detected in two midstream sampling points (range 0-0.004 ng/L), E3 in three sampling points (range 0-0.002 ng/L), and EE2 in four sampling points (range 0-0.02 ng/L). E1 and E2 were detected in sediments from all sampling points, E3 in five sampling points, while EE2 only in one midstream sample (3.29E-4 ng/g). Sewage treatment plants, farming waste, and agricultural activities particularly present midstream and downstream were identified as potential sources of estrogens. Estrogenic activity expressed as estradiol equivalents (EEQs) was below 1 ng/L in all samples for both surface water and sediment, indicating therefore a low potential estrogenic risk to the aquatic environment. Although the health risks are still uncertain for drinking water consumers exposed to low levels of steroid estrogen concentrations, Langat River water is unacceptable for direct drinking purposes without treatment. Further studies of endocrine disruptors in Malaysian waters are highly recommended.

show abstract

The determination of heavy metals in water, suspended materials and sediments from Langat River, Malaysia

Cited by 42 publications

References 8 publications

Heavy metal pollution status in the Malaysian aquatic environment

Heavy metal pollution status in the Malaysian aquatic environment

Investigating the Status of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead in the Drinking Water Supply Chain to Ensure Drinking Water Quality in Malaysia

Occurrence of selected estrogenic compounds and estrogenic activity in surface water and sediment of Langat River (Malaysia)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About