The determination of heavy metals in water, suspended materials and sediments from Langat River, Malaysia

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“…The highest observed concentration of dissolved Pb in Langat River was 57.78 µg/L [5], however, similar concentrations of dissolved Pb i.e. 8.7 µg/L [4]; 10 µg/L [3] and 10±1.56 µg/L [13] were also investigated in the Langat River.…”

“…Apart from the natural weathering process, the use of fertilizers such as arsenal herbicides (i.e. lead arsenate) in the agricultural activities [20] mainly in palm oil plantation [21] as well as tin mining [5,22] are the important sources of Pb in the Langat River. Furthermore, the man-made activities such as electroplating, automobile exhaust, mining, etc.…”

“…river, water treatment plant, and household tap) at Langat River Basin, Malaysia (LRBM) is very important because the Langat River provides drinking water to the half of the populations in the state of Selangor, Malaysia [1,2]. Meanwhile, several studies have determined the dissolved Pb (lead) status in the Langat River and in many cases the parameter crossed the raw water quality standard proposed by Ministry of Health Malaysia, United States Environmental Protection Agency and European Commission [3][4][5]. However, there is no study that investigates the chemical concentrations from upstream to downstream in the Langat River, exactly from where the water treatment plants (WTPs) within the basin take water for the treatment purposes.…”

Heavy Metals Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

“…These industries discharged their effluents into the Juru River and the canals, which finally drain into the sea through a pump house [27]. The industries operating in the area as reported by [28] include: electronics; textiles; basic and fabricated metal products; food processing and canning; processing of agricultural products; feed mills; chemical plants; rubber based industry; timber based wood products; paper products and printing works; and transport equipment. It has been reported by Alkarkhi et al [28] that sediments from this area were highly polluted with Fe, Zn and Cd.…”

“…The industries operating in the area as reported by [28] include: electronics; textiles; basic and fabricated metal products; food processing and canning; processing of agricultural products; feed mills; chemical plants; rubber based industry; timber based wood products; paper products and printing works; and transport equipment. It has been reported by Alkarkhi et al [28] that sediments from this area were highly polluted with Fe, Zn and Cd. Arsenic, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, Hg, phosphate, ammonia, nitrate, sulphates, chloride and aluminium were also discharged as contaminants from these industries and other activities [29] Other main activities include ships' harbour with petroleum unloading and a red earth quarry, which extends right up to the coastline.…”