The determination of dissociation constants for active ingredients from herbal extracts using a liquid–liquid equilibrium method

Gong, Xingchu; Huang, Shichao; Jiao, Ruonan; Pan, Jianyang; Li, Yao; Qu, Haibin

doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2015.11.004

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The dissociation constant values of salvianolic acids in several liquid-liquid equilibrium systems were determined [33], which verified that phenolic acids often exist in medicinal plants in the form of phenolic acid salts according to the pH value of concentrate. The solubility a Encapsulation loss.…”

Section: Epp Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The dissociation constant values of salvianolic acids in several liquid–liquid equilibrium systems were determined [ 33 ], which verified that phenolic acids often exist in medicinal plants in the form of phenolic acid salts according to the pH value of concentrate. The solubility of phenolic acid salts in the supernatant is usually lower than that of phenolic acid molecules, which is the reason for the precipitation loss of phenolic acids.…”

Section: Epp Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Research progress on the ethanol precipitation process of traditional Chinese medicine

et al. 2020

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Ethanol precipitation is a purification process widely used in the purification of Chinese medicine concentrates. This article reviews the research progress on the process mechanism of ethanol precipitation, ethanol precipitation process application for bioactive component purification, ethanol precipitation and traditional Chinese medicine quality, ethanol precipitation equipment, critical parameters, parameter research methods, process modeling and calculation methods, and process monitoring technology. This review proposes that ethanol precipitation technology should be further developed in terms of five aspects, namely, an in-depth study of the mechanism, further study of the effects on traditional Chinese medicine quality, improvement of the quality control of concentrates, development of new process detection methods, and development of a complete intelligent set of equipment.

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Section: Epp Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Epp Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 91%

Research progress on the ethanol precipitation process of traditional Chinese medicine

et al. 2020

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“…For example, distribution coefficients of salvianolic acid B, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid A can be higher than 100. 3 Distribution coefficients of baicalin, 4 didymin, 5 and clinopodiside A 5 can be higher than 5. In a previous work, 1-butanol was found to separate active compounds and saccharides in Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…1-Butanol is one of the extractants widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. , Many botanical active compounds have large distribution coefficients when 1-butanol is used as the extractant. For example, distribution coefficients of salvianolic acid B, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid A can be higher than 100 . Distribution coefficients of baicalin, didymin, and clinopodiside A can be higher than 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Measurement and Correlation of Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems of Water + d-Fructose + 1-Butanol, Water + d-Glucose + 1-Butanol, and Water + d-Galactose + 1-Butanol at (288.2, 303.2 and 318.2) K

Gong

2017

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of ternary systems of water + d-fructose + 1-butanol, water + d-glucose + 1-butanol, and water + d-galactose + 1-butanol were determined at three temperatures (288.2, 303.2, and 318.2 K) and atmospheric condition. The distribution coefficients of the monosaccharides were lower than 0.05. For all the three saccharides, their content in the organic-rich phase increased as their content in the aqueous phase increased. The experimental tie-line data were fitted using the Othmer–Tobias equation. The saccharide universal quasichemical functional-group activity coefficient (S-UNIFAC) model was used to predict the LLE data with all the average absolute deviations (AAD) values higher than 0.013. The modified universal quasichemical model was then used to correlate the LLE data. The correlation results agreed better with experimental data than the prediction results obtained with S-UNIFAC. In the production of traditional Chinese medicines, 1-butanol is a promising extractant used to separate active compounds and saccharides in aqueous herbal extracts.

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“…It is generally considered that there are at least three reasons for the loss of active ingredients in ethanol precipitation [18], namely, coating, precipitation, and degradation. Precipitation loss is due to the low solubility of active ingredients in the supernatant [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Index for Quantitative Evaluation of the Mixing in Ethanol Precipitation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Tai

Pan

et al. 2021

Separations

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(1) Background: Ethanol precipitation is widely used in the manufacturing traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Insufficient mixing of ethanol solution and concentrate usually results in the coating loss of active ingredients. However, there is no index for quantitative evaluation of the mixing in ethanol precipitation. Therefore, this study aimed to define an index for quantitative evaluation of the mixing effect in ethanol precipitation of TCMs. (2) Methods: The concept and requirements of a mixing indicator were proposed. The mass percentage of concentrate fully mixed with ethanol solution (well-mixing ratio, WMR) was used as an index to evaluate the mixing effect. The formula for calculation of WMR was derived. The utility of the WMR was evaluated on stirring devices and a micromesh mixer. (3) Results: Increasing stirring speed, decreasing total solid content of the concentrate, and decreasing the diameter of the ethanol solution droplets all resulted in higher retention rates for lobetyolin and higher WMR. The WMR increased with the increasing flow rate of the concentrate and ethanol solution in the micromesh mixer. The mixing of ethanol solution and concentrate was better when using a micromesh mixer with a smaller internal mixing zone. The results revealed that WMR could be used to quantitatively characterize the mixing of concentrate and ethanol solution, although it has some limitations. (4) Conclusions: The proposed index WMR could guide quality control of the TCM ethanol precipitation process. This study represents a new contribution to improving ethanol precipitation equipment, optimizing process parameters, and enhanced properties of concentrate for TCM enterprises.

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The determination of dissociation constants for active ingredients from herbal extracts using a liquid–liquid equilibrium method

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Research progress on the ethanol precipitation process of traditional Chinese medicine

Research progress on the ethanol precipitation process of traditional Chinese medicine

Measurement and Correlation of Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems of Water + d-Fructose + 1-Butanol, Water + d-Glucose + 1-Butanol, and Water + d-Galactose + 1-Butanol at (288.2, 303.2 and 318.2) K

An Index for Quantitative Evaluation of the Mixing in Ethanol Precipitation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

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