The determination of cadmium. lead, copper and zinc in ground water, estuarine water, sewage and sewage effluent by anodic stripping voltammetry

Gardiner, James L.; Stiff, M.J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(75)90077-9

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Prior to determination, samples were UV-digested for 1 h using an UV-Digestor equipped with a high-pressure mercury lamp of 200 W (Achterberg and van den Berg, 1994). The simultaneous determination of Cd, Cu and Pb in the dissolved phase was carried out using the method of standard additions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) (Gardiner and Stiff, 1975)…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of the Elutriates And Metal Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of seabird guano to sea urchin embryos and interaction with Cu and Pb

Rial¹,

Santos-Echeandía

Álvarez‐Salgado

et al. 2016

Chemosphere

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Guano is an important source of marine-derived nutrients to seabird nesting areas. Seabirds usually present high levels of metals and other contaminants because the bioaccumulation processes and biotic depositions can increase the concentration of pollutants in the receiving environments. The objectives of this study were to investigate: the toxicity of seabird guano and the joint toxicity of guano, Cu and Pb by using the sea urchin embryo-larval bioassay. In a first experiment, aqueous extracts of guano were prepared at two loading rates (0.462 and 1.952 g L(-1)) and toxicity to sea-urchin embryos was tested. Toxicity was low and not dependent of the load of guano used (EC50 0.42 ± 0.03 g L(-1)). Trace metal concentrations were also low either in guano or in aqueous extracts of guano and the toxicity of extracts were apparently related to dissolved organic matter. In a second experiment, the toxicity of Cu-Pb mixtures in artificial seawater and in extracts of guano (at two loadings: 0.015 and 0.073 g L(-1)), was tested. According to individual fittings, Cu added to extracts of guano showed less toxicity than when dissolved in artificial seawater. The response surfaces obtained for mixtures of Cu and Pb in artificial seawater, and in 0.015 g L(-1) and 0.073 g L(-1) of guano, were better described by Independent Action model adapted to describe antagonism, than by the other proposed models. This implied accepting that EC50 for Cu and Pb increased with the load of guano and with a greater interaction for Cu than for Pb.

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Section: Chemical Characterization Of the Elutriates And Metal Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of seabird guano to sea urchin embryos and interaction with Cu and Pb

Rial¹,

Santos-Echeandía

Álvarez‐Salgado

et al. 2016

Chemosphere

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“…Prior to determination, samples were UVdigested for 1 h using an UV-Digestor equipped with a highpressure mercury lamp of 200 W (Achterberg and van den Berg, 1994). The simultaneous determination of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the dissolved phase was carried out using the method of standard additions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) (Gardiner and Stiff, 1975) while the simultaneous determination of Co and Ni was performed by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (ACSV) (Santos-Echeandía, 2011). The solution was deaerated by purging (5 min) with nitrogen.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of defining trace metal baselines in coastal waters at a regional scale: The case of the Portuguese coast (SW Europe)

Santos-Echeandía

Caetano

Brito

et al. 2012

Marine Environmental Research

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The Water Framework Directives aims a reduction in concentration of hazardous substances in the marine environment. Consequently, there is a need to distinguish between anthropogenically influenced metal concentrations from natural background levels. To better achieve this goal in the Portuguese coast, dissolved and particulate trace metal (TM) concentrations along the Portuguese coast were determined in 46 sites distance 1-3 km from the shoreline. Dissolved values ranged within the following intervals: 0.01-0.89 nM for Cd, 0.01-3.37 nM for Co, 0.90-45.4 nM for Cu, 3.30-140 pM for Hg, 1.88-15.1 nM for Ni, 0.01-0.15 nM for Pb and 1.40-62.0 nM for Zn. Whereas Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn were enhanced in the southern coast, while Pb values were higher in the central part of the western coast. Mercury concentrations showed punctual increases all along the coast. Values of trace metals in suspended particulate matter varied in a broad range: 36-2902 μmol g(-1) for Al, 0.10-15.1 nmol g(-1) for Cd, 1.50-165 nmol g(-1) for Co, 50.0-990 nmol g(-1) for Cu, 2.80-76.4 nmol g(-1) for Hg, 22-1471 nmol g(-1) for Ni, 10.0-347 nmol g(-1) for Pb and 416-10,981 nmol g(-1) for Zn. Higher values for Al, Ni and Co were found in the central part of the western coast. However, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn increased their levels from the north coast towards the central and south areas. The variability of both dissolved and particulate metals appears to be mainly associated with oceanographic conditions and continental inputs at North and central areas of the coast, and in the south coast to geological features rather than to anthropogenic pressures. On the basis of these results, regional baseline concentrations are proposed for the three typologies in Portuguese coastal waters defined under the Water Framework Directive.

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“…Typical analyses have been based in standard spectroscopic techniques, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [4] and inductively coupled plasma optical mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [5]. Also different electrochemical techniques were proposed as differential pulse anodic (DPASV) [6] and cathodic (DPCSV) [7] stripping voltammetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%