The Determinants of the Actinorhizal Symbiosis

Kucho, Ken-ichi; Hay, Anne‐Emmanuelle; Normand, Philippe

doi:10.1264/jsme2.me10143

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Because of the intimate nature of the intracellular infection pathway between Frankia CcI3 and C. cunninghamiana, surface property changes in Frankia were expected in response to infection and nodulation events. The lipid and carbohydrate surface property changes seen in this study are similar to those of other host-microbe recognition systems that were deemed necessary for many pathogenic and symbiotic infection pathways (9,16,30). Although the specific type of molecules being produced remains unknown, these changes could be used as tools to identify the corresponding compound(s) and its structure.…”

Section: Production Of Aqueous Root Exudates and General Propertiessupporting

confidence: 56%

Casuarina Root Exudates Alter the Physiology, Surface Properties, and Plant Infectivity of Frankia sp. Strain CcI3

Beauchemin

Furnholm

Lavenus

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The actinomycete genus Frankia forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with 8 different families of actinorhizal plants, representing more than 200 different species. Very little is known about the initial molecular interactions between Frankia and host plants in the rhizosphere. Root exudates are important in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis, especially for initiating Nod factor synthesis. We measured differences in Frankia physiology after exposure to host aqueous root exudates to assess their effects on actinorhizal symbioses. Casuarina cunninghamiana root exudates were collected from plants under nitrogen-sufficient and -deficient conditions and tested on Frankia sp. strain CcI3. Root exudates increased the growth yield of Frankia in the presence of a carbon source, but Frankia was unable to use the root exudates as a sole carbon or energy source. Exposure to root exudates caused hyphal "curling" in Frankia cells, suggesting a chemotrophic response or surface property change. Exposure to root exudates altered Congo red dye binding, which indicated changes in the bacterial surface properties at the fatty acid level. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed fatty acid changes and revealed further carbohydrate changes. Frankia cells preexposed to C. cunninghamiana root exudates for 6 days formed nodules on the host plant significantly earlier than control cells. These data support the hypothesis of early chemical signaling between actinorhizal host plants and Frankia in the rhizosphere.A ctinorhizal symbioses are mutualistic interactions that occur between actinorhizal plants and the actinomycete genus Frankia (27,38). Frankia exists either in a free-living state in the soil or in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants (2, 4, 31). Actinorhizal plants consist of 8 different plant families, including over 200 different species of woody dicotyledonous trees and shrubs (31,38,42). The globally distributed actinorhizal plants are found on every continent except Antarctica and are able to grow in a diverse set of natural habitats, including arid lands, plains, tundra, and temperate forests. Actinorhizal plants are pioneer plant species that are able to grow in extremely nutrient-poor soil conditions and, with the aid of Frankia, are able to reclaim surrounding soil in disrupted environments. Actinorhizal plants are important in agroforestry, in soil reclamation, and as a fuel source.While actinorhizal symbiosis has been well studied at a morphological level since the 1970s, very little is known about the molecular interactions that occur between the plant hosts and Frankia during the establishment of the association. The establishment of the symbiosis encompasses the infection and nodulation processes (23,27,38). In general, the bacterium needs to recognize a host plant and the host needs to identify the bacterium as a friend, not a foe. The bacteria enter the plant and establish the association after several steps. The infection ultimately leads to the formation of the mature nodule.There is a paucity of information o...

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Section: Production Of Aqueous Root Exudates and General Propertiessupporting

confidence: 56%

Casuarina Root Exudates Alter the Physiology, Surface Properties, and Plant Infectivity of Frankia sp. Strain CcI3

Beauchemin

Furnholm

Lavenus

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…constitute protective mutualistic symbioses in which the host feeds and protects the bacteria and in return the bacteria provide antibiotics to protect the host, or their resources, from pathogens (585). Other genera of Actinobacteria, namely, Frankia and Micromonospora, form mutualistic symbioses with higher organisms via nitrogenfixing actinonodules in trees and shrubs (586,587).…”

Section: Interactions Between Actinobacteria and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria

Barka

Vatsa

Sanchez

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

1,524

1,048

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SUMMARYActinobacteriaare Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C DNA content that constitute one of the largest bacterial phyla, and they are ubiquitously distributed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. ManyActinobacteriahave a mycelial lifestyle and undergo complex morphological differentiation. They also have an extensive secondary metabolism and produce about two-thirds of all naturally derived antibiotics in current clinical use, as well as many anticancer, anthelmintic, and antifungal compounds. Consequently, these bacteria are of major importance for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.Actinobacteriaplay diverse roles in their associations with various higher organisms, since their members have adopted different lifestyles, and the phylum includes pathogens (notably, species ofCorynebacterium,Mycobacterium,Nocardia,Propionibacterium, andTropheryma), soil inhabitants (e.g.,MicromonosporaandStreptomycesspecies), plant commensals (e.g.,Frankiaspp.), and gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacteriumspp.).Actinobacteriaalso play an important role as symbionts and as pathogens in plant-associated microbial communities. This review presents an update on the biology of this important bacterial phylum.

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“…This capacity has attracted a lot of attention but despite this it is still difficult to isolate and cultivate Frankia strains (Gtari et al, 2015). Another difficulty is the absence of a transformation assay for Frankia (Kucho et al, 2010) despite several attempts with protoplast regeneration (Normand et al, 1987;Tisa & Ensign, 1987), electroporation (Cournoyer & Normand, 1992;Myers & Tisa, 2003) and conjugation (unpublished data from our laboratory).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of major up-regulated Alnus glutinosa peptides on Frankia sp. ACN14a

et al. 2016

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Alnus glutinosa has been shown previously to synthesize, in response to nodulation by Frankia sp. ACN14a, an array of peptides called Alnus symbiotic up-regulated peptides (ASUPs). In a previous study one peptide (Ag5) was shown to bind to Frankia nitrogen-fixing vesicles and to modify their porosity. Here we analyse four other ASUPs, alongside Ag5, to determine whether they have different physiological effects on in vitro grown Frankia sp. ACN14a. The five studied peptides were shown to have different effects on nitrogen fixation, respiration, growth, the release of ions and amino acids, as well as on cell clumping and cell lysis. The mRNA abundance for all five peptides was quantified in symbiotic nodules and one (Ag11) was found to be more abundant in the meristem part of the nodule. These findings point to some peptides having complementary effects on Frankia cells.

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The Determinants of the Actinorhizal Symbiosis

Cited by 37 publications

References 118 publications

Casuarina Root Exudates Alter the Physiology, Surface Properties, and Plant Infectivity of Frankia sp. Strain CcI3

Casuarina Root Exudates Alter the Physiology, Surface Properties, and Plant Infectivity of Frankia sp. Strain CcI3

Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria

Physiological effects of major up-regulated Alnus glutinosa peptides on Frankia sp. ACN14a

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