The Determinants of Temporary Rural-to-Urban Migration in China

Li, Haizheng; Zahniser, Steven

doi:10.1080/0042098022000033836

Cited by 64 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The increase in human capital resulting from education enables rural residents to compete for relatively high skilled non-agricultural jobs. Similar to Li and Zahniser, we also showed that an increase in farming income reduces farmers' motivation to migrate [19]. In most rural areas, young farmers are attracted to non-agricultural sectors due to relatively higher earnings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The number of children under seven in the household, however, has a slight impact on the decision making on taking full-time non-agricultural work, which is different from the results reported by Li and Zahniser, Mullan and Grosjean [19,21]. One possible explanation is that the GDP per capita in Weifang is relatively high by Chinese standards, even in the rural area.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

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Decision Making of Non-Agricultural Work by Rural Residents in Weifang, China

Cheng

Rosenberg

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:Since the 1990s, the rapid urbanization of China has been fueled by the massive movement of workers from the countryside to cities. Using descriptive statistics and binary regression analysis, we investigate the factors underlying rural residents' decision making to seek non-agricultural work, their work time, and work location based on data collected in Weifang, a city in the Shandong Province of China. The results show that economic factors play a pivotal role in rural residents' decision making to seek non-agricultural employment, full-time non-agricultural employment, or employment outside of their home county. Non-economic factors such as age, gender, social ties, education, access to arable land, geographical location, neighborhood effects, and self-perception are also significant factors in the decision-making process. The findings of this study shed light on future research regarding the impact of urbanization on rural residents. It also provides knowledge for future policy making on rural development and management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Decision Making of Non-Agricultural Work by Rural Residents in Weifang, China

Cheng

Rosenberg

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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“…As an alternative source of income to farming, off-farm employment through rural-to-urban labor migration not only lowers farmers' dependence on the enrolled land but also reduces their ecological impacts (49). Numerous off-farm employment opportunities have been generated by the transitional economy in urban areas of China (57,58) and many other developing countries (59). The trend of rural-to-urban migration is expected to continue over the next several decades (60).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking social norms to efficient conservation investment in payments for ecosystem services

Chen¹,

Lupi

He³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

114

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An increasing amount of investment has been devoted to protecting and restoring ecosystem services worldwide. The efficiency of conservation investments, including payments for ecosystem services (PES), has been found to be affected by biological, political, economic, demographic, and social factors, but little is known about the effects of social norms at the neighborhood level. As a first attempt to quantify the effects of social norms, we studied the effects of a series of possible factors on people's intentions of maintaining forest on their Grain-to-Green Program (GTGP) land plots if the program ends. GTGP is one of the world's largest PES programs and plays an important role in global conservation efforts. Our study was conducted in China's Wolong Nature Reserve, home to the world-famous endangered giant pandas and >4,500 farmers. We found that, in addition to conservation payment amounts and program duration, social norms at the neighborhood level had significant impacts on program re-enrollment, suggesting that social norms can be used to leverage participation to enhance the sustainability of conservation benefits from PES programs. Moreover, our results demonstrate that economic and demographic trends also have profound implications for sustainable conservation. Thus, social norms should be incorporated with economic and demographic trends for efficient conservation investments.China ͉ Grain-to-Green Program ͉ program re-enrollment ͉ stated choice ͉ sustainability

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“…The number of tourists has dramatically increased from 130,000 in 2000 to 206,100 in 2005; however, most local inhabitants have not been involved in tourism employment due to factors such as poor education and lack of relevant skills (He, 2008). In addition, more off-farm employment opportunities are available closer to urban regions outside of the reserve, and rural people in the reserve and many other regions where the GTGP has been implemented may increasingly take advantage of the transitional economy through rural-urban labor migration (Li and Zahniser, 2002;Yang, 2000). By 2005, more than 150 inhabitants of the reserve were working in urban regions outside of the reserve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting land reconversion plans following a payment for ecosystem service program

Chen

Lupi

et al. 2009

Biological Conservation

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a b s t r a c tHumans have altered much of the natural land cover, resulting in ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss worldwide. Many countries have implemented conservation payment programs for agricultural land conversion to counter this trend. However, the sustainability of ecosystem services from these programs is unknown due to uncertainty about land uses when payments cease. We studied post-program land use plans for China's Grain-to-Green Program (GTGP), one of the world's largest ecosystem service payment programs, in Wolong Nature Reserve for giant pandas. Although farmers in the reserve planned to reconvert only 22.6% of the land that was enrolled in the GTGP to agriculture after payments cease, these GTGP plots are distributed across the landscape and may be important for many ecosystem services. Along with regional differences, the amount of GTGP land households planned to reconvert was significantly reduced by the respondent's age and off-farm household income and was significantly increased by the number of household laborers and total amount of land the household had enrolled in the GTGP. Thus, regional, demographic and economic factors should be considered to more efficiently sustain conservation benefits from payment for ecosystem service programs.

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The Determinants of Temporary Rural-to-Urban Migration in China

Cited by 64 publications

References 11 publications

Decision Making of Non-Agricultural Work by Rural Residents in Weifang, China

Decision Making of Non-Agricultural Work by Rural Residents in Weifang, China

Linking social norms to efficient conservation investment in payments for ecosystem services

Factors affecting land reconversion plans following a payment for ecosystem service program

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