The determinants of exploration and neophobia

Corey, David T.

doi:10.1016/0149-7634(78)90033-7

Cited by 175 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…Taste neophobia (Barnett, 1963) refers to the fact that rats are reluctant to eat a novel food because of the unknown, and potentially toxic, postingestive consequences of consumption. However, in the absence of aversive gastrointestinal feedback, neophobia eventually dissipates following repeated exposures to the now familiar and safe food (Barnett, 1963;Domjan, 1977;Corey, 1978). If our analysis of the present results is valid, then questions concerning the role of the IC in CTA need to be recast in terms of the role of the IC in taste neophobia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of insular cortex lesions on conditioned taste aversion and latent inhibition in the rat

Roman

Reilly

2007

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The present study tested the hypothesis that lesions of the insular cortex of the rat retard the acquisition of conditioned taste aversions (CTAs) because of an impairment in the detection of the novelty of taste stimuli. Demonstrating the expected latent inhibition effect, nonlesioned control subjects acquired CTAs more rapidly when the conditioned stimulus (0.15% sodium saccharin) was novel rather than familiar (achieved by pre-exposure to the to-be-conditioned taste cue). However, rats with insular cortex lesions acquired taste aversions at the same slow rate regardless of whether the saccharin was novel or familiar. The pattern of behavioural deficits obtained cannot be interpreted as disruptions of taste detection or stimulus intensity, but is consistent with the view that insular cortex lesions disrupt taste neophobia, a dysfunction that consequently retards CTA acquisition because of a latent inhibition-like effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of insular cortex lesions on conditioned taste aversion and latent inhibition in the rat

Roman

Reilly

2007

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…In the habituation task, repeated exposure to a novel environment results in diminished exploratory behavior, possibly reflecting retention of memory for previous exposures (20,24,25). This paradigm evaluates nonassociative learning without manipulation of motivational conditions, thereby assessing function without introducing artifact by manipulation of motivational parameters or the environment (24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging grafts and transient nerve growth factor infusions promote long-term central nervous system neuronal rescue and partial functional recovery.

Tuszynski

Gage²

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Grafts of favorable axonal growth substrates were combined with transient nerve growth factor (NGF) infusions to promote morphological and functional recovery in the adult rat brain after lesions of the septohippocampal projection. Long-term septal cholinergic neuronal rescue and partial hippocampal reinnervation were achieved, resulting in partial functional recovery on a simple task assessing habituation but not on a more complex task assessing spatial reference memory. Control Neurons of the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) possess a limited capacity for recovery after injury (1-4). Factors that account for this limitation probably include a minimal or absent increase in neurotrophic factor levels after injury, a lack of suitable guidance channels and substrates to promote and direct axonal regrowth after injury, and the presence of growth-inhibiting molecules on CNS myelin (5). In contrast, elevation in neurotrophic factor levels (6, 7) and production of substrate molecules that promote and guide axonal growth (8-10) contribute to functionally significant axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.Various substances have been grafted to the CNS to promote regeneration of host projections after injury, including peripheral nerve segments (1, 3), synthetic growth substrates (e.g., nitrocellulose, collagen gels, or amniotic membrane) (11,12), and fetal brain grafts that are utilized as "bridges" for host axonal neurite growth rather than as replacements for host neurons (13,14). In the latter instance, host fibers penetrate into and through the fetal graft to reach their host target, rather than forming synapses exclusively in the graft (13,14 MATERIALS AND METHODSThirty-eight female Fischer rats (each weighing 180 g) were anesthetized deeply, and bilateral lesions of the fimbria-fornix were made with a microscopically guided aspiration pipet. Sixteen animals then received solid grafts of embryonic-day-18 fetal hippocampal neurons to the lesion cavity, one fetal hippocampus per side of the brain. In the same session, animals received intracerebroventricular infusion devices (Alzet miniosmotic pumps) through which mouse submaxillary glandderived NGF at 100 tug/ml in artificial cerebrospinal fluid or artificial cerebrospinal fluid alone was infused at a rate of 0.25 ,ul/hr for a 9-week period. The infusion devices were then removed, and the animals were sacrificed 6 months later. Prior to sacrifice animals underwent behavioral testing (see below).

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“…"Novelty" is a behaviorally relevant dimension of a stimulus that can have a significant impact on its conditionability (see Corey, 1978). Rats tend to be suspicious of, or "neophObic" toward, flavors that they have not experienced (see Domjan, 1980).…”

Section: Gustatory Neocortex 29mentioning

confidence: 99%

The gustatory neocortex of the rat

1982

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Research findings related to the functional significance of the gustatory neocortical system of the rat are reviewed and interpreted. Studies of gustatory neocortex (GN) involvement in taste-related cognitive processes are emphasized after briefly reviewing GN anatomy and physiology. Evidence is presented supporting the conclusion that the GN contributes relatively little to fundamental taste reactivity, but is deeply involved in cognitive (learning and memorial) taste processes; that is, "reactive salience" to taste stimuli is preserved following GN ablation, while "associative salience" is markedly degraded. Apparent functional similarities between GN and other sensory neocortical areas are emphasized throughout the paper, and a hierarchical view of gustatory system functioning is addressed.Patton began his 1950 review of the chemical senses by pointing out that taste and smell essentially had been neglected relative to the other sensory systems. As a partial explanation for this neglect, he men-

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The determinants of exploration and neophobia

Cited by 175 publications

References 194 publications

Effects of insular cortex lesions on conditioned taste aversion and latent inhibition in the rat

Effects of insular cortex lesions on conditioned taste aversion and latent inhibition in the rat

Bridging grafts and transient nerve growth factor infusions promote long-term central nervous system neuronal rescue and partial functional recovery.

The gustatory neocortex of the rat

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