The Detection Rate of Antibioticresistant Variants of Microorganisms–Causative Agents of Infectious Processes in Selected Habitats of the Urogenital Tract of Patients of Different Age and Sex

Abstract

The purpose of the work was to monitor the composition of the microbiota of certain biotopes of the urogenital system and to identify antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases in patients of different ages and sexes for the period 2017-2019. Material and methods. We studied qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of certain biotopes of the urogenital tract of 2086 people of different age and sex who were patients of the Medical Diagnostic Center on the basis of the Dnieper Medical Academy (Dnipro) during 2017-2019. Results and discussion. The results of the comparative analysis showed the development of infectious lesions in 563 people, which amounted to 28.89% in 2017, 25.13% in 2018, and 27.32% of cases in 2019. A comparative analysis revealed a high degree of damage to individual biotopes: vulva (41.75-48.53% of cases) in girls and urethra (25.0-100%) in boys of 1-5 years; vagina (45.83-65.98%) and cervical canal (7.22-14.71%) in women 17-35 years; urethra (14.28-37.04%) and ejaculate (14.28-19.05% of cases) in men 17-35 years. In the study of the microbial landscape of the reproductive tract of the examined patients, the spectrum of priority pathogens of urogenital infections was determined: in children and adolescents it was Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus spp., Candida spp.; in women: Ureaplasma spp., Candida albicans, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma hominis, Escherichia coli; in men: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. When determining the effectiveness of the antimicrobial action of a number of antibiotics of different pharmacological groups on the isolated clinical isolates of microorganisms which are the causative agents of infectious processes, high levels of resistance were established in the studied groups of microorganisms in relation to drugs of the tetracycline class, in particular to doxycycline-34.85-46.43% of cases; cephalosporins, especially to cefepime-6.06-42.86% and fluoroquinolones, in particular to ciprofloxacin-10.60-25.0% of cases. Conclusion. Monitoring of the circulation of antibiotic-resistant variants of uropathogenic microorganisms during 2017-2019 showed a tendency to increased manifestations of drug resistance: ciprofloxacin-by 14.4%, clindamycin-by 7.82%, aztreonam-by 7.07%, ampicillin-by 3,80%, imipinem and vancomycin-by 2.82%, erythromycin-by 1.86%, amikacin-by 1.09%. At the same time, there was a positive trend in reducing resistance to cefepime-by 36.26%, doxycycline-by 11.58%, chloramphenicol-by 4.56%, co-trimoxazole-by 2.92%, linezolid-by 1.52 %, furadonin-by 0.65%. The presented data indicated the need for constant microbiological monitoring in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with inflammatory processes in the genitourinary organs.