“…Chronic irritation, smegma, poor hygiene, genital herpes simplex, human papillomavirus (HPV), 4–8 heat, friction, trauma, and specific prepuce dermatoses, such as lichen sclerosus or lichen planus, may be risk factors for developing erythroplasia of Queyrat. All cases occur in uncircumcised patients, although the exact role for the absence of circumcision in the pathogenesis of erythroplasia of Queyrat has not been elucidated.…”