The detection of different degrees of coexistence

Pielou, D. P.; Pielou, E. C.

doi:10.1016/0022-5193(67)90065-3

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similar results have been reported for a number of other insects (e.g., Varley 1949, Ross 1957, Harrison 1964, Broadhead and Wapshere 1966, Pipkin et al 1966, Pielou and Pielou 1967, LeQuesne 1972, Young 1972, Shapiro 1974). Similar results have been reported for a number of other insects (e.g., Varley 1949, Ross 1957, Harrison 1964, Broadhead and Wapshere 1966, Pipkin et al 1966, Pielou and Pielou 1967, LeQuesne 1972, Young 1972, Shapiro 1974).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Competition and Coexistence with A Guild of Herbivorous Insects

Rathcke¹

1976

Ecology

146

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology.Abstract. Resource exploitation and competition were measured for 13 herbivorous stemboring insects inhabiting a climax prairie in Illinois. Nine species overlapped > 70% in their exploitation of plant species, stem sizes, and locations within stems, but competition was detected between only two species. In this case the competition resulted from aggression rather than exploitation for limited resources, and exclusion may be delayed or prevented by specific behaviors or refuges. To quantify how closely the guild members were packed upon the available resources, probabilities of cooccurrences between species were calculated using resource abundances, population sizes, and overlaps in resource exploitation. The species packing averaged over the entire guild was 30%, but some species had several potential competitors and probabilities of cooccurrences were > 60%. This species structure offers the conditions for diffuse competition, but competition seldom occurred because stems could support several individuals and resources were generally nonlimiting.Although the potential for competition is high and species probably compete occasionally, the high resource overlap and species richness suggest that competition has not been a major organizing force within this guild. When factors known to influence competition are considered, it seems possible that competition has been too infrequent, mild, or nondirectional to cause strong selection for competitive avoidance or displacement. This guild demonstrates that overlap values may not equal competition coefficients and that high overlap may exist because competition is rare. This guild is probably not unique in lacking competitive organization; herbivorous insects may be among the least likely groups to exhibit the patterns predicted by competition theory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Competition and Coexistence with A Guild of Herbivorous Insects

Rathcke¹

1976

Ecology

146

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“…The 35% threshold value was chosen to allow a statistical evaluation of the densities by means of presence-absence chisquare test (Pielou & Pielou, 1967) and correlation coefficient (r).…”

Section: Population Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the community examined the eight 'resident' genera were tested on the basis of the presenceabsence chi-square test (Pielou & Pielou, 1967) to evaluate a possible intergeneric association. Lacrymaria resulted positively associated (P < 0.001) with Pleuronema and negatively with Frontonia (P < 0.025); Frontonia and Pleuronema resulted negatively associated (Table 4).…”

Section: R~i a T O M Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The interstitial ciliated protozoa of a Mediterranean microcommunity

Santangelo¹,

Lucchesi²

1992

Hydrobiologia

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The main features of an interstitial ciliate community, living in the coastal sand of the Mediterranean sea, were analyzed during a one-year survey, carried out on 113 samples. The community was composed of 56 species, 3 1 of which belong to 8 'resident' genera. Total density varied from 0 to 410 individuals cmand followed a Spring-Summer and an Autumn-Winter trend, not related to temperature or to any single abiotic variable (interstitial dissolved 0,, grain sand size, salinity), although the density of some taxa was related to one abiotic factor. During Spring, diversity increased by a synchronous bloom involving the whole community. Some taxa, such as the predator Lacrymaria and its prey Frontonia, were significantly associated. The finding of the simultaneous bloom of congeneric species, like that of the genus Remanella suggests that they respond to the same environmental factors, and avoid interspecific competition.

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“…A synonym for segregation is negative association; a synonym for aggregation is positive association. Patterns of interspecific association can be dealt with easily in hispine communities because the rolled leaves are discrete natural sampling units (Pielou and Pielou 1967) that contain most of a beetle population. With natural sampling units, problems of deciding where to sample or of choosing an appropriate sampling area are much simplified; the beetles are mainly in the leaves and not elsewhere, and the beetles contained in one leaf are one observation.…”

Section: Interspecific Association Of Hispines Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presence-absence data for communities can be further analyzed with a statistic by Barton and David (1959), first applied to ecology by Pielou and Pielou (1967). The Pielous' Barton-David (BD) test concentrates upon one of the two extreme leaf classes in S-way contingency tables, where S > 2, for example the class for empty leaves, the aaa cell, Table 2.…”

Section: Barton-david Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonious Coexistence of Hispine Beetles on Heliconia In Experimental and Natural Communities

Strong¹

1982

Ecology

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Hispine beetles that live as adults in the rolled leaves of Heliconia plants are prime suspects for interference competition among species, based upon theory developed by vertebrate ecologists. These beetles are tropical, long—lived, and very closely related, eat the same food, and use the same habitat. However, hispines do not conform to this theory: 1) Rolled—leaf hispines are not aggressive intra— or interspecifically, and are not displaced or intimidated by encounters between individuals. 2) Adults are not segregated by species into different leaf subsets of host populations. Species mingle together in patterns that do not suggest interspecific competition. 3) Number of species does not affect interspecific association. 4) Pairwise correlations indicate that only one beetle (Cephaloleia) of the 13 species studied is even weakly segregated from others. It prefers leaves on younger plants than those preferred by other species, and its segregation is a result of subtle habitat differences rather than competition. 5) Interspecific segregation among hispanies does not increase with density in leaves. 6) No higher order interactions were detected in species associations. 7) Experiments showed that habitat heterogeneity does not measurably influence interspecific association in hispine communities as delimited by a single host species. Experimental communities in nature were constructed with minimal habitat heterogeneity, and no mor segregation or aggregation between hispine species occurred in experimental than in natural communities. Additional observations suggest that levels of food and habitat are commonly not limiting to hispine populations, which suffer heavy parasitism and predation. I infer that community structure of hispines on Heliconia is affected greatly by natural enemines. Heliconia is not chemically noxious to hispines, and experiments show that hispines grow at maximum rates on the relatively low nitrogen content of Heliconia. Theories of community structure based upon interspecific competition, and those based upon allelochemical protection of host plants against adapted insects, are not suitable for hispine communities on Heliconia. My conclusions largely agree with those of Hairston et al. 1960. Additional work with parasitism, predation and other factors that may affect hispine populations, such as the weather, migration, and spacing of host plants, is necessary to establish key and regulatory factors for these tropical insects.

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The detection of different degrees of coexistence

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Competition and Coexistence with A Guild of Herbivorous Insects

Competition and Coexistence with A Guild of Herbivorous Insects

The interstitial ciliated protozoa of a Mediterranean microcommunity

Harmonious Coexistence of Hispine Beetles on Heliconia In Experimental and Natural Communities

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