2001
DOI: 10.1097/00003226-200105000-00005
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The Detection of Bacteria and Bacterial Biofilms in Punctal Plug Holes

Abstract: Careful observation of patients with punctal plugs is important. If material accumulates in or on a punctal plug, it may contain bacteria and may form a bacterial biofilm. In these cases, replacement of the plug, clearing of the hole, or an alternative treatment should be considered.

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Cited by 48 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…After the inserts were air dried, they were fixed in a 4% glutaraldehyde solution (16,39) in ddH 2 O (pH 7.0). SEM was performed at the Carnegie Institute of Washington (Department of Embryology, Baltimore, Md.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After the inserts were air dried, they were fixed in a 4% glutaraldehyde solution (16,39) in ddH 2 O (pH 7.0). SEM was performed at the Carnegie Institute of Washington (Department of Embryology, Baltimore, Md.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This case illustrates that punctal occlusion with the newer generation intra-canalicular plugs such as Smart-PLUG, carries a risk of canaliculitis. Previous cases have been reported of canaliculitis following insertion of the older generation punctal plugs [7][8][9].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Intra-canalicular plugs may predispose to infection by leading to stasis or obstruction of tear flow, whereas punctal plugs may lead to the formation of biofilms [5][6][7][8][9]. In addition, despite the fact that punctal/intra-canalicular plugs are designed to be inert, it remains possible that they may act as a foreign body inciting a localised inflammatory reaction, thereby increasing the risk of infection within the canaliculus.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Auch uber Formen der eitrigen Kanalikulitis wurde in der Vergangenheit nach der Platzierung intrakanalikularer Tranenwegsokklusive bereits berichtet. Bei der klinischen Untersuchung stellt sich dann die Frage nach dem Verbleib etwaiger Tranenwegimplantate [13,15,17,[22][23][24]. Eine schrittweise Klarung des Verbleibes der Tranenwegokklusive ist in dieser Situation notwendig.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified