The detection and occurrence of circulating antigens of Trichinella spiralis during worm development

Abstract

Four enzyme-based immunoassays were compared in detecting circulating antigens (CA) of Trichinella spiralis, i.e. microfluorescence, dissociated enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA), enhanced chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Parameters which could affect the sensitivity and specificity of the assays were evaluated. Different combinations of polyclonal antibody (PA) and five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the excretory/secretory antigens of the nematode were tested to produce an optimal antigen-detecting system. DELFIA and a "sandwich" consisting of PA as capturing antibody and mAb 7C2C5 as detecting antibody, yielded the most stable and sensitive results; and 1 ng CA/ml could be detected. The assay did not cross-react with heterologous antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Ascaris suum, Cysticercus cellulosae, Fasciolopsis buski, Gnathostoma hispidum and Trichuris suis. Fluctuating levels of CA were observed in the serum of experimentally infected mice at various periods post-infection. As early as days 4 and 6, a significant amount of CA was detected. The level reached a peak at day 10, then declined and another peak was observed at day 18. The monitoring of the corresponding antibody response by ELISA showed that IgM was first detected at day 10, reaching a peak at day 16. A marked increase in IgG1 was noted from day 16 and its level was significantly higher than that of IgG2.

Trichinella spiralis reinfection: changes in cellular and humoral immune response in BALB/c mice

“…A significant elevation of IgG 1 is often observed in trichinellosis (Li & Ko, 2001;Kołodziej-Sobocińska et al, 2006). The protective isotypes IgG 1 and IgG 2 are involved in the inflammatory response.…”

The Immune Response to the Parasitic Nematode Trichinella and the Ways to Escape it. From Experimental Studies to Implications for Human Infection

“…Only recently the host response to muscle invasion has been studied in animals genetically different for immune status, focusing on the cytokine pattern and the type of cell subsets infiltrating the muscle fibers in both T. spiralis and T . pseudospiralis [79]. The results have shown that cell infiltration is higher in BALB/c than in CBA/N mice and even lower in nude mice in response to T. spiralis, whereas during infection with T. pseudospiralis, a lower presence of cells, compared to T. spiralis infection, is observed in BALB/c mice.…”

Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against ES antigens of Trichinella spiralis

“…However, immunodiagnostic methods developed using these MAbs had problems relating to sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The ES antigens of T. spiralis muscle larvae have been shown to the useful antigens for producing MAbs for use in the development of immunodiagnostic techniques for trichinellosis (Zhu et al, 1990;Srimanote et al, 2000;Li & Ko 2001;Zumaquero-Ríos et al, 2012). The aim of the present study was to generate and characterize MAbs against ES antigens of T. spiralis muscle larvae, which would provide a foundation for the development of specific immunodiagnostic techniques for the specific early diagnosis of trichinellosis.…”