The design of trapping devices in pollination traps of the genusArum(Araceae) is related to insect type

Abstract

Pollinators have long been known to select for floral traits, but the nature of this relationship has been little investigated in trap pollination systems. We investigated the trapping devices of 15 Arum spp. and compared them with the types of insects trapped. Most species shared a similar general design of trap chamber walls covered in downward-pointing papillate cells, lacunose cells in the chamber wall and elongated sterile flowers partially blocking the exit of the trap. However, there was significant variation in all these morphological features between species. Furthermore, these differences related to the type of pollinator trapped. Most strikingly, species pollinated by midges had a slippery epidermal surface consisting of smaller papillae than in species pollinated by other insects. Midge-pollinated species also had more elongated sterile flowers and tended to have a larger lacunose area. We conclude that pollination traps evolve in response to the type of insect trapped and that changes to the slippery surfaces of the chamber wall are an important and previously little recognized variable in the design of pollination traps. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 385–397.

The Evolution of Pollinator-Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

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Within-species floral odor variation is maintained by spatial and temporal heterogeneity in pollinator communities

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A study of floral shape variation in Delphinieae (Ranunculaceae) using geometric morphometrics on herbarium specimens

“…Floral shape variation often reflects differences in plant pollination systems, particularly for plant species with specialized plant-pollinator interactions. Comparative studies have resulted in qualitative descriptions of these shape differences and multivariate analyses of floral trait measurements have, with varying degrees of success, shown that plant species can cluster in phenotype space according to general pollinator classes (Wilson et al 2004;Bröderbauer, Weber, and Diaz 2013). However, in comparison to these traditional approaches, GMM have the potential to provide additional and more accurate insights into the associations between floral shape variation and pollination biology (van der Niet et al 2010;Blanco-Pastor et al 2015).…”