The Design of GDPR-Abiding Drones Through Flight Operation Maps: A Win–Win Approach to Data Protection, Aerospace Engineering, and Risk Management

Bassi, Eleonora; Bloise, Nicoletta; Dirutigliano, Jacopo; Fici, Gian Piero; Pagallo, Ugo; Primatesta, Stefano; Quagliotti, Fulvia

doi:10.1007/s11023-019-09511-9

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the case of extended vehicles and autonomous cars, competition law, for example, can only partially solve some of the issues that arise on data portability and access rights [65]. The civilian use of drones, unmanned aerial systems, and autonomous vehicles require enriched regulatory systems to implement security and privacy principles [66][67][68]. Smart cities are natural environments for linked open data [35,69] and this will give rise to legal questions at frequency and volume that the traditional legal approach cannot process and adjudicate.…”

Section: Socio-legal Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Law, Socio-Legal Governance, the Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0: A Middle-Out/Inside-Out Approach

Casanovas

Koker

Hashmi

2022

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The Web of Data, the Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0 are converging, and society is challenged to ensure that appropriate regulatory responses can uphold the rule of law fairly and effectively in this emerging context. The challenge extends beyond merely submitting digital processes to the law. We contend that the 20th century notion of ‘legal order’ alone will not be suitable to produce the social order that the law should bring. The article explores the concepts of rule of law and of legal governance in digital and blockchain environments. We position legal governance from an empirical perspective, i.e., as an explanatory and validation concept to support the implementation of the rule of law in the new digital environments. As a novel contribution, this article (i) progresses some of the work done on the metarule of law and complements the SMART middle-out approach with an inside-out approach to digital regulatory systems and legal compliance models; (ii) sets the state-of-the-art and identifies the way to explain and validate legal information flows and hybrid agents’ behaviour; (iii) describes a phenomenological and historical approach to legal and political forms; and (iv) shows the utility of separating enabling and driving regulatory systems.

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Section: Socio-legal Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Law, Socio-Legal Governance, the Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0: A Middle-Out/Inside-Out Approach

Casanovas

Koker

Hashmi

2022

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“…On top of that, a growing amount of work has been devoted to the implementation of Art. 25 of the GDPR, namely, how to set up a new generation of GDPR-abiding drones in accordance with both the principles of data protection by design, and by default (Bassi et al 2019 ).…”

Section: When Drones Meet People’s Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Governance of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Aviation Law, Human Rights, and the Free Movement of Data in the EU

Pagallo

Bassi

2020

Minds & Machines

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The paper deals with the governance of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in European law. Three different kinds of balance have been struck between multiple regulatory systems, in accordance with the sector of the governance of UAS which is taken into account. The first model regards the field of civil aviation law and its European Union (EU)’s regulation: the model looks like a traditional mix of top-down regulation and soft law. The second model concerns the EU general data protection law, the GDPR, which has set up a co-regulatory framework summed up with the principle of accountability also, but not only, in the field of drones. The third model of governance has been adopted by the EU through methods of legal experimentation and coordination mechanisms for UAS. The overall aim of the paper is to elucidate the ways in which such three models interact, insisting on differences and similarities with other technologies (e.g. self-driving cars), and further legal systems (e.g. the US).

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“…As a result, in the wording of Article 35(2) of the GDPR, "the controller shall seek the advice of the data protection officer, where designated, when carrying out a data protection impact assessment." Here, data protection officers and civil aviation authorities have to collaborate, in order to strike a fair balance between the protection of personal data and the security of civil aviation operations (Bassi et al 2019).…”

Section: Gardens a Series Of Other Applications And Payloads Can Also Be Installed On Drones Allowing The Gathering And Processing Of Permentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another strategy concerns the set up of differential privacy tools for managing data protection risks raised by drones through the design of flight maps, with the aim of minimizing both drones movements and personal data collection. Such tools should allow UAS operators choosing the best air corridor for their drones, much as public authorities in the phase of authorization of new operations, or national Data Protection authorities that have to control the lawfulness of personal data processing by UAS operations (Bassi et al 2019; Kim, Ben-Othman and Mokdad 2019).…”

Section: Privacy By Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rules on the right to be informed, on communication to the National Data Protection Authority, on data controllers that should maintain a register of all data processing, apply to all personal data processing performed by drones. An exception has been inserted by Article 74 (3)(4)(5) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, which provides for some specific data protection provisions on time-limited data storage, the right to information, and the possibility for MSs and EASA to "restrict the scope of the rights of the data subject to access, rectify and erase personal data included in the repository to the extent that it is strictly necessary to safeguard civil aviation safety, in accordance with Article 23 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679". This is a new legal reference for work on data protection by design and by default solutions, which were introduced above in Section 3.…”

Section: Issn: 1839-4183mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Unmanned Aerial Systems Operations

Bassi

2020

LiC

Self Cite

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The drone sector offers a wide range of affordances, opportunities, and economic benefits for society. Delivery services, agriculture monitoring, wildfire control, public infrastructure inspections, humanitarian aid, or drone journalism, are among the activities enhanced by unmanned aerial systems (UAS). No surprise the civilian UAS market is growing fast throughout the world. Yet, on a daily basis, newspapers report serious concerns for people infringing other people’s rights through the use of drones. Cybersecurity attacks, data theft, criminal offences brought about the use of this technology frame the picture. Nowadays, several countries are changing their legal rules to properly address such challenges. In 2018, the European Union (EU) started its five year-long regulative process that should establish the common rules and standards for UAS operations within the EU Single Sky by 2023. A similar timeline has been adopted in the United States, so as to provide the jurisdictional boundaries for the civilian use of drones. The United Kingdom (UK) and Japan are adopting new rules too. From a legal point of view, the overall framework is thus rapidly evolving. The aim of this paper is to give attention to (i) privacy and data protection concerns raised by UAS operations; (ii) their monitoring functions and corresponding surveillance issues; and, (iii) how a privacy preserving approach – such as with privacy by design technologies, organizational measures, audit procedures, civic involvement, to name a few – makes a lawful and ethical use of this powerful technology possible.

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The Design of GDPR-Abiding Drones Through Flight Operation Maps: A Win–Win Approach to Data Protection, Aerospace Engineering, and Risk Management

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Law, Socio-Legal Governance, the Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0: A Middle-Out/Inside-Out Approach

Law, Socio-Legal Governance, the Internet of Things, and Industry 4.0: A Middle-Out/Inside-Out Approach

The Governance of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): Aviation Law, Human Rights, and the Free Movement of Data in the EU

Urban Unmanned Aerial Systems Operations

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