1988
DOI: 10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1209
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The design and use of a hydraulic potentiomanometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water

Abstract: The hydraulic potentiomanometer described herein consists of a potentiometer connected to a manometer by a flexible tube. The device is used to directly measure the direction of seepage as well as the hydraulic‐head difference between groundwater and surface water. The device works most effectively in sandy materials. For accurate measurements the device must be free of air leaks.

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Cited by 130 publications
(76 citation statements)
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“…Water was collected from wells on a monthly basis from June to October 1991 and once in April 1992. Samples of groundwater at the lakeshore in three areas of seepage to the lake were collected with a portable well [Winter et al, 1988] in August 1991.…”
Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Water was collected from wells on a monthly basis from June to October 1991 and once in April 1992. Samples of groundwater at the lakeshore in three areas of seepage to the lake were collected with a portable well [Winter et al, 1988] in August 1991.…”
Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Determination of groundwater flux on the basis of information from a network of wells and estimates of hydraulic conductivity, herein referred to as the flow net approach, is beyond the resources or scope of many lake studies. Instead, alternative methods of determining seepage to and from lakes are used, such as measurement by seepage meters [Lee, 1977;McBride and Pfankuch, 1975], portable well points [Lee and Cherry, 1978;Winter et al, 1988], or chemical tracers [Lee et al, 1980;Frape and Patterson, 1981]. The net contribution of groundwater to lakes commonly has been estimated as the difference between measured gains and losses of water from streamflow, precipitation, and evaporation [Likens, 1985;Staubitz and Zariello, 1989].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To locate downwelling and upwelling zones, Vertical Hydraulic Gradient (VHG; Lee & Cherry 1978) was measured in mini-piezometers (1 m long and 1.7 cm diameter) at 10 cm deep inside sediments, due to technical limit (Boulton 1993). VHG was calculated using water levels inside (interstitial water) and outside (surface water) the mini-piezometers and ex- pressed in percent of the sampling depth (Winter et al 1988, Hendricks & White 1991. The first five centimetres of sediments were then sampled using a Plexiglas core (30 cm long and 4 cm diameter).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Continuous monitoring of river water level at alarming points could provide with valuable information that can be utilized to warn authorities and inhabitants well ahead in time. A review on conventional river water level measuring showed that river level monitoring by constructing piezometer on the location under investigation is somewhat costly and requires human presence for data collection (Winter, LaBaugh, & Rosenberry, 1988). Therefore, information cannot be gathered ahead in time.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%