The design and synthesis of immune regulatory agents: Targets and approaches

Preparation of New Derivatives of Thiazole, Thiazolidine, and Thiazol-2-Ylpyrazolo[3,4-D]pyrimidine Sulfonamido Conjugates

“…Cyclocondensation of 13a,b with an equimolar ratio of ethyl bromoacetate afforded the corresponding 4-thiazolidinone (15a,b), respectively. Treatment of 13a with two moles of ethyl bromoacetate gave N-ethoxycarbonylmethylthiazolidin-4-one derivative (16). The structure of 16 was further confirmed unequivocally by an independent synthesis from 15a and ethyl bromoacetate in ethanolic sodium acetate solution (Scheme 3).…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The thiazolidine moiety occurs in different bioactive substances as an important pharmacophoric group, for instance, the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole system in the main moiety of the well-known antihelmintic and immunomodulatory agent levamisole. 16,17 Thiazol[2,3-a]pyrimidines bear a structure analogous to levamisol and have been well studied as immunomodulatory, anticancer, analgesic, and psychotropic agents. [16][17][18] In the present article we detail the synthesis of thiazole, thiazolidine, and thiazolylpyrazolopyrimidine sulfonamido conjugates displaying improved biological properties with respect to the nonsulfonamido-conjugated thiazole compounds.…”

“…16,17 Thiazol[2,3-a]pyrimidines bear a structure analogous to levamisol and have been well studied as immunomodulatory, anticancer, analgesic, and psychotropic agents. [16][17][18] In the present article we detail the synthesis of thiazole, thiazolidine, and thiazolylpyrazolopyrimidine sulfonamido conjugates displaying improved biological properties with respect to the nonsulfonamido-conjugated thiazole compounds. The antibacterial and antifungal screening of some selected compounds is also included.…”

Synthesis of the retro-inverso peptide analogues of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP)

“…1 Numerous derivatives of this natural lead were designed and synthesized with the aim of obtaining molecules with improved and more defined immunological profiles. [2][3][4] Recently we have shown that replacement of the polyhydroxy substituted pyranose ring of D-glucosamine in MDP by a…”

Comparative study of the immunomodulating properties of arbidol and levamisole under ionizing radiation and malignant conditions

“…Levamisole, or (S)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2, l-b]thiazole hydrochloride (also known as decaris), is an antihelminthic drug reported also to possess pronounced immunomodulating properties [9]. There is evidence that the drug can be used in oncology and medical radiology for the purpose of immune reactivity correction [10][11][12].…”