The design and preparation of supported catalysts

Kemball, C.; Dowden, D. A.; Acres, G. J. K.; Bird, A. J.; Jenkins, J. W.; King, Frank D.

doi:10.1039/9781847553164-00001

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…DeLuca and Campbell (1 977) treat this subject in some depth, while Acres et al (1981) give a brief overview of the different methods of preparation with a few references. DeLuca and Campbell (1 977) treat this subject in some depth, while Acres et al (1981) give a brief overview of the different methods of preparation with a few references.…”

Section: Catalyst Formingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst Materials, Properties and Preparation

2005

Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes

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Section: Catalyst Formingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst Materials, Properties and Preparation

2005

Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes

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“…The most widely-used industrial catalysts are nowadays activated carbon-based (AC) or zeolite-supported materials, with different noble metals [1][2][3][4][5]. These catalysts can ensure high product selectivity and efficient conversion, despite the slower reaction rate, which is due to diffusion limitation originated from their microporous structures [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-tuning the catalytic activity by applying nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as catalyst supports for the hydrogenation of olefins

Sikora

Kiss

Göndör

et al. 2019

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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Nitrogen-free multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and N-doped bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) were synthesized by using catalytic vapor deposition (CVD) and used as catalyst support materials. Pd, Rh, Ru, and Ir have been deposited onto the nanotubes to achieve metal/nanotube catalysts. The catalytic activity of the samples was fine-tuned by changing the type of support. BCNT supported Pd and Rh (Pd/BCNT, Rh/MWCNT) catalysts were found to be the most active for liquid phase hydrogenation of octadecene amongst these samples. The initial olefin hydrogenation rate of the Pd/BCNT sample was slightly higher than the corresponding MWCNT-supported catalyst. Based on the hydrogenation reaction, the performance of these catalyst had been ranked as follows: Pd/BCNT ≈ Rh/MWCNT > Pd/ MWCNT > Rh/BCNT > > Ir/MWCNT > Ru/BCNT > Ir/BCNT > Ru/MWCNT. The structural properties of chemisorbed Pd on MWCNT and N-BCNT were also characterized by means of computational chemical methods in order to shed some light on the nature of metal binding properties of N-doped and undoped surfaces. The calculations shown preference towards the edges of the surfaces which is in good agreement with the experimental findings.

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“…Many of the supports used are oxidic in nature and thus have a negatively charged surface. The hydrated Fe 3+ complex, surrounded by stabilizing counter-ions, is typically positively charged (and hence acidic), which leads to an acid-base reaction between the support and the metal (Anderson & García, 2005;Acres et al, 1981). Although the Fe 3+ complex interacts with the support surface it retains many, if not all, of its ligands and the counterion remains in the vicinity of the Fe 3+ complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situX-ray diffraction activation study on an Fe/TiO₂pre-catalyst

Rayner¹,

Billing²,

Coville³

2014

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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This study focuses on the use of in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and quantitative phase analysis using the Rietveld method to monitor the structural properties of a titania-supported iron (10% Fe/TiO2) pre-catalyst during calcination (oxidation) and activation (reduction) in the temperature range 25-900°C. The TiO2 oxidation study revealed an increase in anatase particle size before the anatase to rutile phase transformation, lending credibility to the bridging mechanism proposed by Kim et al. [(2007), Mater. Sci. Forum, 534-536, 65-68]. Pre-catalyst oxidation experiments allowed for the determination of a suitable calcination temperature (450°C) of the pre-catalyst in terms of maximum hematite concentration and appropriate particle size. These experiments also confirmed that the anatase to rutile phase transformation occurred at higher temperatures after Fe addition and that anatase was the sole donor of Ti(4+) ions, which are known to migrate into hematite (Gennari et al., 1998), during the formation of pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5) at temperatures above 690°C. Using the results from the oxidation experiments, two pre-catalyst samples were calcined at different temperatures; one to represent the preferred case and one to represent a case where the pre-catalyst had been excessively heated. Samples of the excessively heated catalysts were exposed to different reducing gas atmospheres (5, 10 and 100% H2/N2) and heated in the in situ PXRD reactor, so that diffraction data could be collected during the activation process. The results show that reduction with gases containing low concentrations of H2 (5 and 10%) led to the formation of ilmenite (FeTiO3) and we were able to show that both anatase and rutile are consumed in the reaction. Higher concentrations of H2 led to the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4) and metallic iron (Fe(0)). We also noted a decrease in the anatase to rutile transformation temperature under reducing atmospheres when compared with the pre-catalyst heat-treatment experiment. A reduced calcination temperature prior to reduction allowed more facile Fe reduction.

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The design and preparation of supported catalysts

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Catalyst Materials, Properties and Preparation

Catalyst Materials, Properties and Preparation

Fine-tuning the catalytic activity by applying nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as catalyst supports for the hydrogenation of olefins

In-situX-ray diffraction activation study on an Fe/TiO₂pre-catalyst

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The design and preparation of supported catalysts

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Catalyst Materials, Properties and Preparation

Catalyst Materials, Properties and Preparation

Fine-tuning the catalytic activity by applying nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes as catalyst supports for the hydrogenation of olefins

In-situX-ray diffraction activation study on an Fe/TiO2pre-catalyst

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In-situX-ray diffraction activation study on an Fe/TiO₂pre-catalyst