The design and evaluation of bionic porous bone scaffolds in fluid flow characteristics and mechanical properties

Mechanical and Computational Fluid Dynamic Models for Magnesium-Based Implants

“…The authors concluded that combining the FEA and CFD analysis is of utmost importance in implant design and offered information regarding the biological range for WSS, implant materials, and mechanical testing conditions. Much more complex structures were developed by Li et al [49], which were based on patient medical images of vertebral cancellous tissue. Although the implant design is much more realistic in this case, precise control, optimization, and modification of the geometrical parameters are hard to obtain, and expensive devices are needed, so as a direct consequence, much more effort must be conducted to achieve adequate mechanical properties and fluid flow behavior in the biological range.…”

Orthopedic Scaffolds: Evaluation of Structural Strength and Permeability of Fluid Flow via an Open Cell Neovius Structure for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Porous metal lattices allow the implant’s apparent modulus to be closer to that of the human bone while preserving mechanical competence. , Porous lattice-interconnected framework allows bone tissue to penetrate deep into the implant to form a robust bone-implant interaction. , In addition to reducing stress shielding, porous metallic lattices mend major bone deformities to restore cementless joint replacements . Thus, extremely permeable bone tissue engineering scaffolds stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation while also permitting oxygen, nutrient, and metabolic waste transport and mechanical support. , Moreover, decreasing the geometrical porosity not only improves mechanical strength but also decreases permeability, resulting in unequal transport of nutrients and metabolic products. , Therefore, complex lattices need to be developed to maintain the balance between the required porosity and mechanical strength.…”

“…Cortical bone has an elastic modulus of 3–30 GPa, whereas trabecular bone has an elastic modulus ranging from 0.02 to 2 GPa. , On the other hand, stainless steel has a modulus of 210 GPa, Ti alloys have a modulus of 110 GPa, Co–Cr–Mo alloys have a modulus of 210 GPa, and Mg alloys have a modulus of 45 GPa. Porosity is introduced in implants to avoid the mismatch of elastic modulus between bone-implant interfaces. , Porous structures provide a wider surface area for bone regeneration, facilitating osteogenic cell recruitment and improving fixation, which aids in bone healing . The low mass, potentially low modulus, and porous character of the cellular materials or porous lattice structures integrated into the bone-implant design make them suitable for bone ingrowth applications in the biomedical industry, particularly in the field of orthopedic implants. , Nonetheless, designing cellular-based implants has remained difficult because of the complicated interaction between mechanical and biological responses that span various spatial and temporal domains. , As a result, significant efforts have been made to enhance knowledge of the link between geometrical properties, mechanical performances, and biological behaviors …”

“…Porosity is introduced in implants to avoid the mismatch of elastic modulus between bone-implant interfaces. 13,14 Porous structures provide a wider surface area for bone regeneration, facilitating osteogenic cell recruitment and improving fixation, which aids in bone healing. 15 The low mass, potentially low modulus, and porous character of the cellular materials or porous lattice structures integrated into the bone-implant design make them suitable for bone ingrowth applications in the biomedical industry, particularly in the field of orthopedic implants.…”

“…3,14 Porous lattice-interconnected framework allows bone tissue to penetrate deep into the implant to form a robust bone-implant interaction. 13,15 In addition to reducing stress shielding, porous metallic lattices mend major bone deformities to restore cementless joint replacements. 18 Thus, extremely permeable bone tissue engineering scaffolds stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation while also permitting oxygen, nutrient, and metabolic waste transport and mechanical support.…”