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Solar parabolic dish concentrator is one of the high-temperature applications of more than 400 C for thermal and electrical power generation. In the solar parabolic dish concentrator, the arrangement of reflectors over the surface area is the significant factor for effective concentration of solar radiation. Also, focal image is one of the most influencing parameters in the design of receiver. Among the various reflectors, the square shaped reflectors (facets) are comparatively effective in converging the incoming radiations to attain better focal image. In this regard, an attempt has been made to predict the focal image diameter of a solar parabolic dish concentrator with a square facet of different influencing parameters using a novel mathematical model. The influencing parameters considered for the study are aperture diameter, rim angle, and facet length of the dish concentrator. Based on the proposed model, the focal image dimension and aperture area of a solar parabolic dish concentrator with square facets can be predicted accurately for efficient design of a solar parabolic dish collector system. Finally, the proposed model is validated with the experimentally obtained focal image diameter and it is observed that the predicted result is in good agreement with the experimental one. Thus, the proposed model can be effectively used for the design of parabolic dish system for sustainable development.
Solar parabolic dish concentrator is one of the high-temperature applications of more than 400 C for thermal and electrical power generation. In the solar parabolic dish concentrator, the arrangement of reflectors over the surface area is the significant factor for effective concentration of solar radiation. Also, focal image is one of the most influencing parameters in the design of receiver. Among the various reflectors, the square shaped reflectors (facets) are comparatively effective in converging the incoming radiations to attain better focal image. In this regard, an attempt has been made to predict the focal image diameter of a solar parabolic dish concentrator with a square facet of different influencing parameters using a novel mathematical model. The influencing parameters considered for the study are aperture diameter, rim angle, and facet length of the dish concentrator. Based on the proposed model, the focal image dimension and aperture area of a solar parabolic dish concentrator with square facets can be predicted accurately for efficient design of a solar parabolic dish collector system. Finally, the proposed model is validated with the experimentally obtained focal image diameter and it is observed that the predicted result is in good agreement with the experimental one. Thus, the proposed model can be effectively used for the design of parabolic dish system for sustainable development.
Copper-tin (Cu-Sn) intermetallic alloy coating was developed on mild steel substrate by galvanostatic electrodeposition technique from sulfate-based acidic electrolyte containing Laprol as additive. The homogenous coating containing cubic phase with composition of 32.6 % Sn was obtained, when a current of -8.5 mA was made to flow through the electrochemical bath. The optimized coating with thickness of ~ 0.4 -3 µm exhibits ~ 80% specular reflectance. The coating has a hardness of 2.6 GPa, suggesting a good scratch resistance property. The experimental results also suggest that the hydrophobic surface of Cu-32.6% Sn thin film can be potentially used as an attractive coating for solar reflector application under dusty and humid conditions. 1. (CSP) technology', still represents one of the most promising and affordable solar technologies where, sunlight is converted into higher or lower grade thermal energy [1]. An increasing number of CSP plants have been constructed in the last decades [2] towards fulfilling our growing energy demand and a further growth for this renewable technology is envisaged in coming future. Briefly, CSP [3] technology utilizes parabolic troughs, solar towers, and parabolic dishes to concentrate the solar energy using reflective surfaces. Concentrating collectors requires large reflectors [ 4 ] to ´concentrate´ the incident solar radiation onto a smaller receiver. An assembly of mirrors [5,6] is required to reflect and to focus the sunlight onto a receiver containing a heat transfer fluid (HTF), such as molten salt, steam, oil, compressed air [7] etc. The hot fluid is then utilized to produce electric power through standard steam turbines [8]. Reflectors are an essential part of CSP systems and considerable amount of research has been devoted in the development and improvement of reflector materials. [ 9 , 10 ] Reflectors in CSP systems [11] require a high reflectance over the entire solar spectrum, durability to outdoor exposure and resistant to all forms of degradation over time, particularly from humid conditions and dust in order to improve their lifetime in adverse environment of the solar fields [12]. Most of the large-scale CSP systems, installed till now, utilize glass reflectors [13]. Although these mirrors have maintained their reflectance very well in severe environments, they are prone to wind-related breakage and are expensive to transport and install. In order to overcome this issue, immediate attention is required for alternative lowercost reflectors to reduce the cost of CSP systems. From a variety of different material constructions, the mirror materials showing promise for long-term outdoor applications, [14] are reported to be made up of various silvered glass mirrors [ 15 ], a silvered polymeric mirror [ 16 ], and an anodized sheet
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