The design and construction of water sampling equipment, particularly soil throughflow collectors, suitable for acid deposition studies

Miller, J. David; Stuart, A.; Gaskin, G.J.

doi:10.1080/10934529509376306

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Throughflow on the Catchment Slopes. Two-weekly throughflow water samples were routinely collected throughout the sampling period from two sampling pits (pits 1 and 2, Figure 1) set up in a previous study (33). The samples were obtained by channelling the flows emerging from each pedological horizon in a profile face cut into the upslope side of a covered and protected pit (33).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-weekly throughflow water samples were routinely collected throughout the sampling period from two sampling pits (pits 1 and 2, Figure 1) set up in a previous study (33). The samples were obtained by channelling the flows emerging from each pedological horizon in a profile face cut into the upslope side of a covered and protected pit (33). During the wettest period, October 2002 to February 2003, throughflow water samples (100 mL) were collected from each of the soil horizons at both pits 1 and 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Size Fractionation and Pb Isotopes to Study Pb Transport in the Waters of an Organic-Rich Upland Catchment

Graham

Vinogradoff

Chipchase

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Processes controlling Pb release from a small organic-rich upland catchment in northeast Scotland were investigated via measurement of Pb concentrations and 206Pb/207Pb ratios in rainwater, throughflow, surface flow, and receiving streamwaters under storm and baseflow conditions. For this catchment, the output of Pb via streams was only 2.0 +/- 1.2 kg year(-1) (11.4 +/- 6.8 g ha(-1) year(-1)), much lower than the input of 7.5 +/- 2.0 kg year(-1) (42.6 +/- 11.4 g ha(-1) year(-1)), and so the catchment is still a sink for anthropogenic Pb. Most (68-87%) of the output, however, occurred under storm conditions. Size fractionation revealed that 50-60% was in large particulate form (>25 microm) with a 206Pb/ 207Pb ratio of approximately 1.16, similar to that of the surface soils. Some 30-40% of the storm Pb output was associated with dissolved organic matter in the <0.45 microm fraction and had a lower 206Pb/207Pb ratio of approximately 1.14, close to the value obtained for near-surface throughflow. Future extreme weather conditions such as prolonged dry or wet periods will increase transport of Pb to receiving waters. Although particulate forms could then rapidly be removed under low flow conditions, Pb associated with dissolved organic matter will persist longer in aquatic systems and may also be more bioavailable.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Size Fractionation and Pb Isotopes to Study Pb Transport in the Waters of an Organic-Rich Upland Catchment

Graham

Vinogradoff

Chipchase

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Water flowing through the soil horizons was channelled through plastic tubing to 5 l plastic collection buckets. A detailed account of the soil throughflow sampling equipment set-up, similar to that adopted in this study, has been published by Miller et al 42 A 250 ml aliquot of the accumulated soil throughflow water from each horizon was sampled every two weeks and any excess discarded.…”

Section: Soil Throughflow Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the concentration and isotopic composition of inputs and outputs of Pb in waters at an upland catchment in NE Scotland

et al. 2005

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As a consequence of the accumulation of anthropogenic Pb in upland catchments, there has been much recent concern about the potential mobilisation and transport of Pb from the soils to receiving waters and also the possible harmful effects that this might have on aquatic biota. This paper presents the findings of a two-year study of Pb behaviour in an organic-rich upland catchment at Glensaugh in NE Scotland. Pb inputs to the catchment were characterised by direct measurements of Pb concentration and (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios in rain water and interception. Pb outputs from the catchment were calculated from measurements on stream water samples taken from the two main streams, the Cairn Burn and Birnie Burn. The relative contribution of Pb from groundwater and throughflow, under different flow conditions (base flow and high flow), to stream waters was investigated via analysis of springs sourced from groundwater and of waters flowing through the various soil horizons (S (surface), A, B, C, and D), respectively. The outcome of intensive sampling and analysis over the two-year time period was that, even with marked reduction in Pb inputs over the past two decades, the catchment was still acting as a net sink for the current atmospheric deposition. Although the Pb isotopic signature for stream water is very similar to that for the contemporaneous rain water ((206)Pb/(207)Pb approximately 1.15-1.16), only a small portion of the rain water is transferred directly to stream water. Instead, the Pb input is transferred to the stream waters mainly via groundwater and it was also confirmed that the latter had a similar Pb isotopic signature. From the Pb isotopic measurements on throughflow waters, however, Pb being removed via the streams contained some previously deposited Pb, i.e. mobilisation of a small portion of soil-derived anthropogenic Pb was occurring. These findings are important not only with respect to the source/sink status of the catchment but also for calculation of the extent of retention of the current atmospheric Pb inputs, which must take account of the release of previously deposited Pb from the catchment soils, a process occurring mainly under high flow conditions.

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et al. 1997

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The design and construction of water sampling equipment, particularly soil throughflow collectors, suitable for acid deposition studies

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Using Size Fractionation and Pb Isotopes to Study Pb Transport in the Waters of an Organic-Rich Upland Catchment

Using Size Fractionation and Pb Isotopes to Study Pb Transport in the Waters of an Organic-Rich Upland Catchment

Investigation of the concentration and isotopic composition of inputs and outputs of Pb in waters at an upland catchment in NE Scotland

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