The Design and Application of Simplified Insole-Based Prototypes with Plantar Pressure Measurement for Fast Screening of Flat-Foot

Hsu, Wei‐Chun; Sugiarto, Tommy; Chen, Junwen; Lin, Yi‐Ying

doi:10.3390/s18113617

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While this technique provides the most detailed data available, point‐of‐care analysis through insoles sensitization has become an alternative. [ 8–13 ] The possibility to continuously monitor feet pressure and other gait parameters, offers valuable data not only in orthopedic rehabilitation [ 1,2,14 ] or the assessment of deformations such as the flat foot [ 15 ] but also to improve athletes’ performance [ 7 ] and to mitigate diabetic neuropathy complications, [ 16,17 ] neurological disorders, [ 6,18–20 ] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Graphene Piezoresistive Sensors Synthesized Directly on Cork Insoles for Gait Analysis

Carvalho

Fernandes

Martins

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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rehabilitation as it provides objective data to aid the decision-making process by the healthcare staff. [1,2] Typically, this evaluation is done using a combination of inertial measurement units, sensorized mats, or force plates, and video inputs. [3-7] However, the use of mats limits the scope of the analysis to specific sessions and areas. While this technique provides the most detailed data available, point-of-care analysis through insoles sensitization has become an alternative. [8-13] The possibility to continuously monitor feet pressure and other gait parameters, offers valuable data not only in orthopedic rehabilitation [1,2,14] or the assessment of deformations such as the flat foot [15] but also to improve athletes' performance [7] and to mitigate diabetic neuropathy complications, [16,17] neurological disorders, [6,18-20] among others. Different pressure transduction mechanisms have been explored successfully for this application such as piezoresistivity, [9,10,21-25] capacitive sensing, [12,26] piezoelectricity, [27] triboelectricity, [28-31] optical line-of-sight sensing, [8] and fiber Bragg gratings. [11,13] To integrate such sensors into insoles, they can be added either as an extra component, printed or directly integrated using a functional material as the insole. Graphenebased materials have proven to be an interesting platform for mechanical sensing. While single-layer graphene is constrained to gauge-factors ≈2 as most bulk piezoresistive materials, [32] reduced graphene oxide (rGO) foams have demonstrated high sensitivity while being a low-cost technology. [33,34] Graphene flakes in the form of inks can also be printed directly onto materials, providing them with electrical conduction and sensing capabilities. [35] Alternatively, laser-induced graphene (LIG) can be directly synthesized on different materials, using the substrate as the carbon source. [36-38] LIG usually arises as a foamy material with electrical characteristics similar to those of good quality rGO, without requiring wet chemical processes involving dangerous chemicals like those used in the production of graphene oxide and its subsequent reduction. With the ability to be patterned in a fast and inexpensive way, LIG has attracted the interest of researchers for its use as active material in different biomedical applications. [38-41] The formation of LIG is carried out by the irradiation of a substrate with a high-power density laser source, leading to the instantaneous carbonization of the precursor material within a protective plasma created by the gaseous Monitorization of gait-related parameters is of the utmost importance to prevent complications in several diseases, ensuring affordable healthcare for the growing amount of chronic, lifestyle-related diseases and also for improving motion performance. Sensorized insoles allow to both pressure data and gait timings to be extracted non-intrusively in a point of care paradigm. Laserinduced graphene (LIG) offers a path to the integration of sensors in different kinds of materia...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Graphene Piezoresistive Sensors Synthesized Directly on Cork Insoles for Gait Analysis

Carvalho

Fernandes

Martins

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lastly, the decrease in TAH during loading can be explained by the flexibility and dropping of the arch [19] and its propulsion ability. Under loading conditions, the transverse arch can be classified into two types: the hyper-flexible type, where the arch flattens at weight-bearing, and the hypo-flexible type, where the arch does not flatten during weight-bearing [19,36]. As TAH in the With-HV group decreased with increasing loads, we suggest that the transverse arch of the With-HV group is of the hyper-flexible type.…”

Section: Tal (mentioning

confidence: 80%

Comparison of the Changes in the Structure of the Transverse Arch of the Normal and Hallux Valgus Feet under Different Loading Positions

Zeidan

Suzuki

Kajiwara

et al. 2019

ASI

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The transverse arch of the foot receives and transfers loads during gait. We aim to identify the difference in its structure between normal feet and hallux valgus (HV) feet and the effects of loading. Two groups, Without-HV and With-HV (HV ≥ 20°), were assessed using a weight-bearing plantar ultrasound imaging device to view the structure of the transverse arch. Measurements were recorded in sitting, quiet standing, and 90% weight-shift (90% W.S.) loading positions on the tested foot. Images were then processed using ImageJ software to analyze the transverse arch length (TAL), the length between the metatarsal heads (MTHs), transverse arch height (TAH), and the height of each MTH. TAL significantly increased in all positions in the With-HV group compared to that in the Without-HV group. It also increased in both groups under loading. TAH was not significantly higher in the With-HV group than in the Without-HV group in sitting and standing positions, except in the 90% W.S position, where both groups showed similar results. TAH decreased in both groups under loading. In summary, the structure of the transverse arch changes in HV feet and under loading conditions. This finding will help understand the structural differences between normal and HV feet and help resolve shoe fit problems in individuals with HV deformity.

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“…Many developed systems measure plantar pressure [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], which can be defined as the pressure exerted on the human foot skin during various activities performed daily [ 6 ]. Most studies performed use this parameter in various applications.…”

Section: General Considerations Concerning Gait Monitoring Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Socks and In-Shoe Systems: State-of-the-Art for Two Popular Technologies for Foot Motion Analysis, Sports, and Medical Applications

Drăgulinescu

Zinca

Bucur

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The present paper reviews, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the most recent advances in research concerning two popular devices used for foot motion analysis and health monitoring: smart socks and in-shoe systems. The first one is representative of textile-based systems, whereas the second one is one of the most used pressure sensitive insole (PSI) systems that is used as an alternative to smart socks. The proposed methods are reviewed for smart sock use in special medical applications, for gait and foot pressure analysis. The Pedar system is also shown, together with studies of validation and repeatability for Pedar and other in-shoe systems. Then, the applications of Pedar are presented, mainly in medicine and sports. Our purpose was to offer the researchers in this field a useful means to overview and select relevant information. Moreover, our review can be a starting point for new, relevant research towards improving the design and functionality of the systems, as well as extending the research towards other areas of applications using sensors in smart textiles and in-shoe systems.

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The Design and Application of Simplified Insole-Based Prototypes with Plantar Pressure Measurement for Fast Screening of Flat-Foot

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Laser‐Induced Graphene Piezoresistive Sensors Synthesized Directly on Cork Insoles for Gait Analysis

Laser‐Induced Graphene Piezoresistive Sensors Synthesized Directly on Cork Insoles for Gait Analysis

Comparison of the Changes in the Structure of the Transverse Arch of the Normal and Hallux Valgus Feet under Different Loading Positions

Smart Socks and In-Shoe Systems: State-of-the-Art for Two Popular Technologies for Foot Motion Analysis, Sports, and Medical Applications

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