The description and natural history of the coasts of North America (Acadia) /

Denys, Nicolas

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.63363

Cited by 50 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Greater neutral genetic differentiation of Newfoundland is consistent with the premise that gene flow with the mainland is less prevalent in Newfoundland versus Cape Breton Island, which exchanges more migrants with the mainland via the Canso causeway (Nova Scotia Lynx Recovery Team ). At IGF‐1 , however, Cape Breton Island was more highly differentiated, which could be attributed to selection occurring over a longer interval time on Cape Breton, as lynx are thought to have inhabited Cape Breton Island since at least the seventeenth century (Denys, ), whereas they were first reported on Newfoundland in 1897 (Bangs, ). Alternatively, there may be stronger selection on Cape Breton due to increased competition and predation (Parker, ; Parker et al., ; Vashon, Vashon, & Crowley, ), thereby limiting resources and selecting for the smaller body sizes observed on Cape Breton Island.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we were interested in determining whether lynx on Cape Breton Island are genetically differentiated from lynx on mainland Canada. Genetic distinctness is likely for this population, given: (1) genetic differentiation at neutral molecular markers is proportional to time since divergence under an island model when it can be assumed that the population has descended from an ancestral population and since diverged without gene flow (Nielsen & Wakeley, ), and (2) lynx are thought to have occurred on Cape Breton Island as early as the 1600s (although these reports refer to Nova Scotia and not Cape Breton Island specifically; Denys, ). Second, as the function of the IGF‐1 gene has been linked to body size in mammals (e.g., Sutter et al., ), we were interested in determining whether differentiation may be observable at the CA dinucleotide repeat between island and mainland lynx groups for which known morphological differentiation exists (Khidas et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection and drift influence genetic differentiation of insular Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) on Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island

Prentice

Bowman

Khidas

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Island populations have long been important for understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of evolution in natural systems. While genetic drift is often strong on islands due to founder events and population bottlenecks, the strength of selection can also be strong enough to counteract the effects of drift. Here, we used several analyses to identify the roles of genetic drift and selection on genetic differentiation and diversity of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) across eastern Canada, including the islands of Cape Breton and Newfoundland. Specifically, we assessed whether we could identify a genetic component to the observed morphological differentiation that has been reported across insular and mainland lynx. We used a dinucleotide repeat within the promoter region of a functional gene that has been linked to mammalian body size, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1). We found high genetic differentiation at neutral molecular markers but convergence of allele frequencies at the IGF‐1 locus. Thus, we showed that while genetic drift has influenced the observed genetic structure of lynx at neutral molecular markers, natural selection has also played a role in the observed patterns of genetic diversity at the IGF‐1 locus of insular lynx.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and drift influence genetic differentiation of insular Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) on Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island

Prentice

Bowman

Khidas

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Although subject to more trade and exploration by Europeans much earlier than the Pacific Coast of North America, the NWA has only half as many documented invasions, which is partially attributable to temporal biases in data availability (Ruiz et al ., ; Carlton, ). Shipping pressure from European explorers, traders, and colonists intensified after the establishment of settlements during the first decade of the 1600s in the Gulf of Maine and Bay of Fundy, although the first recorded biological surveys began in the late 1600s (Denys, ) and focused mainly on conspicuous terrestrial vertebrate and plant species. Corophium volutator was not first described until 1766 by Pallas on the coast of Norway, and was first recorded in North America by Huntsman & Sparks (), who noted its high abundance and unknown distribution in the NWA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropocene invasion of an ecosystem engineer: resolving the history ofCorophium volutator(Amphipoda: Corophiidae) in the North Atlantic

Einfeldt

Addison

2015

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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Resolving the natural histories of species is important for the interpretation of ecological patterns, as it provides evolutionary context for the interactions between organisms and their environment. Despite playing an integral role on the intertidal mudflats of the North Atlantic as an abundant food source for predators and as an ecosystem engineer that alters the soft sediment environment, no previous studies have provided empirical evidence to determine the biogeographical origin of the amphipod Corophium volutator. To resolve its status as introduced or indigenous in Europe and North America, we analyzed sequence data for two mitochondrial loci and two nuclear markers, aiming to determine whether the present range of C. volutator is the result of unresolved taxonomy, persistence in glacial refugia, natural trans‐Atlantic dispersal, or human‐mediated introduction. Our results demonstrate a reduced genetic diversity in North American populations that is a subsample of diversity in European populations, with coalescent analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA supporting different models of multiple introductions from Europe to the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine in North America. These results suggest that C. volutator was introduced to North America prior to the first surveys of local biota in the 20th Century, which has broad implications for interpretations of community and ecosystem interactions in the North Atlantic intertidal. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115, 288–304.

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“…The collected information also highlights instances where bone fragmentation is very severe, as appears to be the case for the Gwich'in in Yukon (Leechman 1951, but see Frost 1998–2016), the Eastern Cree, Innu and Mi'kmaq of eastern Canada (Denys 1908 [1672]; Lamothe 1973; Leacock and Rothschild 1993; Le Clerq 1910 [1691]; Skinner 1911; Stiles 1972) and the Wintu of California (Du Bois 1935; Shepherd 1989). In these groups, the intensity of specimen reduction seems to be greater than in the BGRE, which means that a dynamic model of specimen reduction is needed for criteria that are size-dependent.…”

Section: How Representative Is the Bgre Sample?mentioning

confidence: 95%

New Criteria for the Archaeological Identification of Bone Grease Processing

Morin

Soulier²

2017

Am. Antiq.

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Bone grease processing is frequently used in archaeology to investigate human diet breadth because it constitutes a costly mode of lipid procurement. However, problems of equifinality often complicate the identification of this activity. This paper develops new criteria focused on morphology, the presence of micro-inclusions, and forms of damage that were derived from a bone grease rendering experiment that involved red deer(Cervus elaphus)long bones. Because they are poorly represented in a distinct experiment focused exclusively on marrow extraction, the criteria presented here appear to provide robust signatures of bone grease processing. A survey of the actualistic literature shows that certain bone processing activities, such as stewing and soup making, mostly involve coarse spongy fragments. Because these fragments are too large to be ingested, grease can be extracted from them only through heating or boiling. In contrast, bones ingested in bone meal or as flour necessitate pulverization. A high percentage of coarse fragments may therefore provide a proxy for cooking technology or, minimally, the use of fire, if other patterns are consistent with grease extraction. Given the evolutionary significance of these innovations, the criteria presented here may help to strengthen arguments about dietary shifts during the Paleolithic and later periods.

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The description and natural history of the coasts of North America (Acadia) /

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Selection and drift influence genetic differentiation of insular Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) on Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island

Selection and drift influence genetic differentiation of insular Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) on Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island

Anthropocene invasion of an ecosystem engineer: resolving the history ofCorophium volutator(Amphipoda: Corophiidae) in the North Atlantic

New Criteria for the Archaeological Identification of Bone Grease Processing

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