The derived demand for consolidated financial reporting

Determinants of the Accounting Choice between Alternative Reporting Methods for Interests in Jointly Controlled Entities

“…Whittred, 1987;Mian and Smith, 1990;Whittred and Zimmer, 1994). Some argue that cross-guarantees among related companies avoid the costs of prohibiting asset transfers within the group while controlling incentives to use such transactions to transfer wealth from borrowing company creditors.…”

“…Second, we provide new evidence on the extent to which the venturer's decision about the reporting method for interests in JCEs is a consequence of the type of JCEs of the venturer. Whittred (1987) has already documented a relationship between the adoption of consolidation reporting and the type of subsidiaries. Mian and Smith (1990) also show that a firm's consolidation decision relies on the type of relationship between the parent and its subsidiaries.…”

Perilaku Oportunistik Creative Accounting dan Upaya Menginternalisasi Nilai Etika: Suatu Kajian Psikologi

“…Penulis menggunakan creative accounting sebagai proksi dari perilaku yang merugikan pihak lain karena mempunyai kemampuan pengetahuan, mengendalikan, mengobservasi, dan mengintervensi untuk memenuhi kepentingannya. Termasuk cara-cara oportunis dengan model earning management, meskipun motivasi dari earning management tidak selamannya memperlihatkan perilaku opurtunistik yakni kepentingan untuk mengupayakan perolehan utility pribadi, tetapi ada juga untuk kepentingan efisien, sebagaimana penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Whittered (1987) yang menjelaskan perilaku manajemen menyajikan laporan keuangan (financial statement) periode tertentu di mana tidak ada aturan yang mensyaratkan untuk melakukannya. Dijelaskan ketika perusahaan menerima pembiayaan dari kreditur, menejemen akan menyajikan laporan keuangan yang dikonsolidasikan (bila perusahaan memiliki anak perusahaan) untuk memberikan informasi tentang kemampuan pembayaran utang.…”

Disclosure of profit forecasts during takeover bids

“…Firms with lower percentage management ownership will have a higher level of monitoring and are more likely to disclose forecasts. Whittred (1987) found ownership control to be a significant variable in determining whether firms prepared consolidated accounts (prior to this being mandatory).…”

“…56 Whittred (1987) investigates the economic incentives for Australian corporations to voluntarily adopt consolidated forms of financial reporting, following Watts' (1977) argument that consolidated accounting is adopted to reduce agency costs.…”