The dental management of children with sickle cell disease and β‐thalassaemia: a review

Abstract

Summary. This paper reviews two groups of haemoglobinopathies: sickle cell disorders and β‐thalassaemias. The medical aspects and dental management of children with these conditions are discussed. These conditions are rare in the white indigenous population of the UK but affect a sizeable proportion of the minority ethnic community. Dentists need to be aware of the medical implications for patients who have these disorders and should co‐ordinate their dental care accordingly. Resumé. Prise en charge dentaire d'enfants souffrant d'anémie falciforme et d'hypothalasémie béta: revue de la littérature Cette étude passe en revue deux groupes d'hémoglobulinopathie: anémie falciforme et béta thalassémie. Les aspects médicaux et la prise en charge dentaire de ces maladies sont discutés. Ces maladies sont rares dans la population blanche indigène du Royaume‐Uni mais atteignent une proportion notable de la population d'origine ethnique minoritaire. Les dentistes doivent connaître les problèmes médicaux de ces patients et en tenir compte lors des traitements dentaires. Zusammenfassung. Die zahnärztliche Behandlung von Kindern mit der Sikle‐Zellen Erkrankung und mit der Beta‐Thalasemie: eine Uebersicht Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit 2 Gruppen von Hämoglobinopathien. Die medizinische Aspekte und die daraus resultierende zahnärztliche Besonderheiten werden diskutiert. Diese Krankheiten sind selten in der weissen Bevölkerung der U.K. aber befällt einen gewissen Prozensatz der Minderheitsgruppe. Zahnärzte sollten die medizinischen Besonderheiten kennen und dementsprechend die zahnärztliche Betreuung koordinieren. Resumen. Tratamiento dental de niños con enfermedad de células falsiformes y β‐thalasemia Este artículo revisa dos grupos de hemoglobinopatías: trastornos de células falsiformes y β‐thalasemia. Se discuten los aspectos médicos y el tratamiento dental de niños con estas condiciones. Estas condiciones son raras en la población blanca del Reino Unido, peró afecta una gran proporción de la minoría étnica. Los odontólogos deben estar informados sobre las implicaciones médicas de los pacientes que presentan estos trastornos y deben coordinar adecuadamente el tratamiento odontológico.

Craniofacial parameters of Syrian children with β‐thalassemia major

“…Dentofacial manifestations reported in the literature are a protrusive premaxilla associated with alveolar enlargement, 6 flaring and spacing of the upper anterior teeth, increased overjet, and reduced overbite 7 . Indeed, those patients exhibit a prominent malar bone, depression of the bridge of the nose, and a partially obliterated maxillary sinus 6 . In addition, the pneumatization of the maxillary sinuses is delayed and the upper lip is retracted 3,7 .…”

“…4 Caffey described the appearance of these thalassemic patients as resembling a ''rodent face''. 5 Dentofacial manifestations reported in the literature are a protrusive premaxilla associated with alveolar enlargement, 6 flaring and spacing of the upper anterior teeth, increased overjet, and reduced overbite. 7 Indeed, those patients exhibit a prominent malar bone, depression of the bridge of the nose, and a partially obliterated maxillary sinus.…”

Correlation between maxillofacial radiographic features and systemic severity as sickle cell disease severity predictor

“…Although increased spacing of bony trabeculae is not considered a pathognomonic sign of SCD [14,23,25], this radiographic feature has been frequently described in sickle subjects [4,19,[22][23][24]32], and may produce bony expansion of maxilla, increased overjet and spacing of maxillary incisors [16].…”

“…Considering the maxillofacial area, radiographic features frequently associated with SCD patients have been reported, such as increase radiolucency of the jaws due to the decreased number of trabeculae, coarse trabeculae pattern, thin inferior border of mandible, distinct areas of radiopacity, stepladder appearance created in the interdental alveolar bone by horizontal rows of trabeculation and osteomyelitis [4,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Few studies have analyzed their prevalence among SCD patient and healthy controls [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Oral manifestations and dentofacial anomalies in β‐thalassemia major children in Dubai (UAE)

“…The oral mucosa appears pale or a lemon yellow color due to deposition of bilirubin pigmentation and anemia. Sometimes the gingival color tends to be dark, caused by high ferritin level in the blood …”