The density of humic acids and humic like substances (HULIS) from fresh and aged wood burning and pollution aerosol particles

Dinar, E.; Mentel, Thomas F.; Rudich, Yinon

doi:10.5194/acp-6-5213-2006

Cited by 156 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The densities of the secondarily produced (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 HSO 4 , and NH 4 NO 3 are ∼ 1.75 g cm −3 . The effective density of organic aerosols varies mostly in the range of 1.2-1.6 g cm −3 , depending on their source origins (Malloy et al, 2009;Turpin and Lim, 2001;Dinar et al, 2006). The lower-density particles with ρ eff < 1.0 g cm −3 were attributable to fresh or partially aged traffic-related particles because the number fraction of the lower-density group in urban area was found to be consistent with the concentration of NO (indicator of traffic) (Levy et al, 2013;Rissler et al, 2014).…”

Section: Ion Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 87%

Insight into winter haze formation mechanisms based on aerosol hygroscopicity and effective density measurements

Xie

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We characterize a representative particulate matter (PM) episode that occurred in Shanghai during winter 2014. Particle size distribution, hygroscopicity, effective density, and single particle mass spectrometry were determined online, along with offline analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions. The mass ratio of SNA / PM 1.0 (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) fluctuated slightly around 0.28, suggesting that both secondary inorganic compounds and carbonaceous aerosols contributed substantially to the haze formation, regardless of pollution level. Nitrate was the most abundant ionic species during hazy periods, indicating that NO x contributed more to haze formation in Shanghai than did SO 2 . During the representative PM episode, the calculated PM was always consistent with the measured PM 1.0 , indicating that the enhanced pollution level was attributable to the elevated number of larger particles. The number fraction of the near-hydrophobic group increased as the PM episode developed, indicating the accumulation of local emissions. Three "banana-shaped" particle evolutions were consistent with the rapid increase of PM 1.0 mass loading, indicating that the rapid size growth by the condensation of condensable materials was responsible for the severe haze formation. Both hygroscopicity and effective density of the particles increased considerably with growing particle size during the bananashaped evolutions, indicating that the secondary transformation of NO x and SO 2 was one of the most important contributors to the particle growth. Our results suggest that the accumulation of gas-phase and particulate pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions and subsequent rapid particle growth by secondary processes were primarily responsible for the haze pollution in Shanghai during wintertime.

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Section: Ion Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 87%

Insight into winter haze formation mechanisms based on aerosol hygroscopicity and effective density measurements

Xie

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The small peak of coarse mode of WSOC can be explained by a nature source such as pollen and soil (Fig. 9a), because water-soluble organic compounds like glucose (Graham et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2006bWang et al, , 2009Wang et al, , 2011a and humic acid (Brooks et al, 2004;Dinar et al, 2006;Havers et al, 1998) are enriched in these sources, in addition to deposition of anthropogenic pollutants onto dust. During the dust storm period WSOC still displayed a bimodal pattern, but the fine mode significantly decreased while the coarse mode sharply increased as a dominant peak.…”

Section: Size Distribution Of Wsoc Wsic and Wson In Xi'anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Gobi desert dust on aerosol chemistry of Xi'an, inland China during spring 2009: differences in composition and size distribution between the urban ground surface and the mountain atmosphere

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Composition and size distribution of atmospheric aerosols from Xi'an city (∼ 400 m, altitude) in inland China during the spring of 2009 including a massive dust event on 24 April were measured and compared with a parallel measurement at the summit (2060 m, altitude) of Mt. Hua, an alpine site nearby Xi'an. EC (elemental carbon), OC (organic carbon) and major ions in the city were 2-22 times higher than those on the mountaintop during the whole sampling period. Compared to that in the non-dust period a sharp increase in OC was observed at both sites during the dust period, which was mainly caused by an input of biogenic organics from the Gobi desert. However, adsorption/heterogeneous reaction of gaseous organics with dust was another important source of OC in the urban, contributing 22 % of OC in the dust event. In contrast to the mountain atmosphere where fine particles were less acidic when dust was present, the urban fine particles became more acidic in the dust event than in the non-dust event, mainly due to enhanced heterogeneous formation of nitrate and diluted NH 3 . Cl − and NO − 3 in the urban air during the dust event significantly shifted toward coarse particles. Such redistributions were further pronounced on the mountaintop when dust was present, resulting in both ions almost entirely staying in coarse particles. On the contrary, no significant spatial difference in size distribution of SO 2− 4 was found between the urban ground surface and the mountain atmosphere, which dominated in the fine mode (< 2.1 µm) during the nonevent and comparably distributed in the fine (< 2.1 µm) and coarse (> 2.1 µm) modes during the dust event.

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“…If a particle density of 1.7 g cm −3 is assumed, based on densities of sulphate/sulphuric acid (1.7-1.8 g cm −3 ) and aged organic matter (1.5-1.7 g cm −3 , Dinar et al, 2006), the SMPS particle volume (µm cm −3 ) is roughly a factor 2 too high. This can partly be explained by the fraction of particles which the SMPS can detect but which are not accounted for by the AMS.…”

Section: Stratospheric Air Mass Intrusion Into Upper Tropospheric Asimentioning

confidence: 99%

Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

et al. 2011

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Abstract.We deployed an aerosol mass spectrometer during the POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport) summer campaign in Greenland in June/July 2008 on the research aircraft ATR-42. Online size resolved chemical composition data of submicron aerosol were collected up to 7.6 km altitude in the region 60 to 71 • N and 40 to 60 • W. Biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel combustion (FF) plumes originating from North America, Asia, Siberia and Europe were sampled. Transport pathways of detected plumes included advection below 700 hPa, air mass uplifting in warm conveyor belts, and high altitude transport in the upper troposphere. By means of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, trace gas analysis of O 3 and CO, particle size distributions and aerosol chemical composition 48 pollution events were identified and classified into five chemically distinct categories. Aerosol from North American BB consisted of 22 % particulate sulphate, while with increasing anthropogenic and Asian influence aerosol in Asian FF dominated plumes was composed of up to 37 % sulphate category mean value. Overall, it was found that the organic matter fraction was largerCorrespondence to: J. Schmale (julia.schmale@gmail.com) (85 %) in pollution plumes than for background conditions (71 %). Despite different source regions and emission types the particle oxygen to carbon ratio of all plume classes was around 1 indicating low-volatility highly oxygenated aerosol. The volume size distribution of out-of-plume aerosol showed markedly smaller modes than all other distributions with two Aitken mode diameters of 24 and 43 nm and a geometric standard deviation σ g of 1.12 and 1.22, respectively, while another very broad mode was found at 490 nm (σ g = 2.35). Nearly pure BB particles from North America exhibited an Aitken mode at 66 nm (σ g = 1.46) and an accumulation mode diameter of 392 nm (σ g = 1.76). An aerosol lifetime, including all processes from emission to detection, in the range between 7 and 11 days was derived for North American emissions.

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The density of humic acids and humic like substances (HULIS) from fresh and aged wood burning and pollution aerosol particles

Cited by 156 publications

References 71 publications

Insight into winter haze formation mechanisms based on aerosol hygroscopicity and effective density measurements

Insight into winter haze formation mechanisms based on aerosol hygroscopicity and effective density measurements

Impact of Gobi desert dust on aerosol chemistry of Xi'an, inland China during spring 2009: differences in composition and size distribution between the urban ground surface and the mountain atmosphere

Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

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