The Denial of Personal Disadvantage Among You, Me, and All the Other Ostriches

Crosby, Faye J.; Pufall, A.; Snyder, R. Claire; O’Connell, Marion; Whalen, Peg

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3588-0_5

Cited by 91 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Feminist consciousness has been defined operationally to include self-identification (as a feminist), holding feminist beliefs and values, having a variety of emotional responses (e.g., anger at sexism, pride in women), and bringing a feminist analysis to a variety of contexts (see, e.g., Bargad & Hyde, 1991;Bartky, 1975;Crosby, 1987;Downing & Roush, 1985;Griffin, 1989). All of these aspects of feminist consciousness-more and less intellectual or analytic, emotional, and personal-are germane to our question.…”

Section: Assessing Feminist Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Experiences and Shifts in Group Consciousness: Studying Women

Henderson-King

Stewart²

1999

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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This study takes a multifaceted approach to group consciousness. The authors assessed changes in women’s feminist consciousness due to their exposure to feminism through women’s studies. Feminist consciousness was measured at the beginning and end of a semester during which some research participants were enrolled in an introductory women’s studies course. Women’s studies students were compared with students who were interested, but not enrolled, in women’s studies. As expected, women’s studies students showed an increase on several aspects of feminist consciousness, whereas non-women’s studies students did not. Non-women’s studies students became less sensitive to sexism. It is also noteworthy that, although they became more feminist, women’s studies students did not become more negative toward men.

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Section: Assessing Feminist Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational Experiences and Shifts in Group Consciousness: Studying Women

Henderson-King

Stewart²

1999

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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“…While it may seem that recognizing the group is discriminated against should obviously necessitate recognizing personal discrimination, especially if the individual identifies with the group, past research suggests that while disadvantaged group members recognize their group is discriminated against, they do not necessarily perceive such discrimination to affect them personally (e.g., Crosby, 1982Crosby, , 1984Taylor, Wright, Moghaddam & Lalonde, 1990). This distinction between the group and the individual also occurs when the individual identifies with their group (Crosby Pufall, Snyder, O'Connell & Whalen, 1989, Porter & Taylor, 1992. Perceiving personal discrimination then, appears to be a different experience from the perception of group discrimination alone, one that group consciousness theories (e.g., Bartky, 1977) suggest is an integral component in taking collective action.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, empirical research has tended to focus on the cognitive perceptions of discrimination rather than affective reactions (e.g, Abeles, 1976;Appelgryn & Nieuwoudt, 1988;Barnes & Kaase, 1979;Crawford & Naditch,1970;Crosby et al, 1989;Geschwender & Geschwender, 1972;Vanneman & Pettigrew, 1972;Van Dyk & Nieuwoudt, 1990;Walker & Mann, 1987). When affect has been considered, it is usually considered to be another outcome variable in response to cognitive perceptions of discrimination rather than a predictor of action (Bernstein & Crosby, 1980;Folger, 1986;Folger, Rosenfield, & Rheaume, 1983;Olson, 1986), or in relation to attitudes rather than behavior (Appelgryn & Bornman, 1996;Birt & Dion, 1987;Guimond & Dubé-Simard, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceiving and Feeling Personal Discrimination: Motivation or Inhibition for Collective Action?

Foster

Matheson

1998

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

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Relative deprivation and group consciousness theories differ in their predictions of how personal discrimination and personal discontent will be related to taking collective action. According to relative deprivation theory, assessments of personal status should be unrelated to taking collective action.In contrast, group consciousness theories suggest that while perceiving personal discrimination is necessary for collective action to occur, feelings of personal discontent may inhibit it. Female students completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of, and affective responses to personal discrimination, as well as their participation in collective actions. A hierarchical regression analysis found that personal discrimination and discontent interacted such that among women who perceived personal discrimination, women took the most collective actions when they did not feel personally discontent with their status. Implications for the relationship between negative emotions and intergroup behavior were discussed.

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“…Much research has revealed that group identification determines sensitivity to group-based discrimination such that high (vs. low) group identifiers are more concerned with relative inter-group treatment (Petta & Walker, 1992) and more sensitive with regard to group-based injustice (Branscombe, Schmitt, & Harvey, 1999, Crosby, Pufall, Snyder, O'Connell, & Whalen, 1989) and prejudice (Eccleston & Major, 2006;Major et al, 2003;McCoy & Major, 2003;Operario & Fiske, 2001). Of particular relevance to the present work is research documenting that group-based performance standards are most likely to affect individuals who self-identify with the respective group.…”

Section: Group Identification As Crucial Moderating Factormentioning

confidence: 99%