The Demulsification Properties of Cationic Hyperbranched Polyamidoamines for Polymer Flooding Emulsions and Microemulsions

Abstract

Polymer flooding emulsions and microemulsions caused by tertiary oil recovery technologies are harmful to the environment due to their excellent stability. Two cationic hyperbranched polyamidoamines (H-PAMAM), named as H-PAMAM-HA and H-PAMAM-ETA, were obtained by changing the terminal denotation agents to H-PAMAM, which was characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and amine possession, thereby confirmed the modification. Samples (300 mg/L) were added to the polymer flooding emulsion (1500 mg/L oil concentration) at 30 °C for 30 min and the H-PAMAM-HA and H-PAMAM-ETA were shown to perform at 88% and 91% deoil efficiency. Additionally, the increased settling time and the raised temperature enhanced performance. For example, an oil removal ratio of 97.7% was observed after dealing with the emulsion for 30 min at 60 °C, while 98.5% deoil efficiency was obtained after 90 min at 45 °C for the 300 mg/L H-PAMAM-ETA. To determine the differences when dealing with the emulsion, the interfacial tension, ζ potential, and turbidity measurements were fully estimated. Moreover, diametrically different demulsification mechanisms were found when the samples were utilized to treat the microemulsion. The modified demulsifiers showed excellent demulsification efficiency via their obvious electroneutralization and bridge functions, while the H-PAMAM appeared to enhance the stability of the microemulsion.

Demulsification Treatment of Spent Metalworking Fluids by Metal Cations: The Synergistic Effect and Efficiency Evaluation

“…According to the colloidal stability theory [23][24][25], when the absolute value of the ζ potential was more than 30 mV, it showed that the emulsified liquid was relatively stable. It showed very strong electronegativity according to the negative value of ζ, which indicated that the L-MWFs were emulsified by an anionic surfactant [2], and the residual oil drops of the L-MWFs formed stable interfacial films through anionic surfactants so that the oil was evenly dispersed in water.…”

“…Metalworking fluids (MWFs), which are a complex of oiling, surfactants and a variety of functional additives in accordance with a certain proportion of fusion, are abundantly utilized in the manufacturing domain and exert outstanding cooling, lubrication, anti-rust and anticorrosion protection functions [1,2]. Practically, after a long duration of repeating, attributed to the oil emulsion, residual metal chips, bacteria and the mix foreign material, the MWFs will gradually age, deteriorate and corrupt [3].…”

“…Note: 1 AlCl 3 was 309 USD/t, FeCl 3 was 309 USD/t, PAM was 1545 USD/t, industrial sulfuric acid was 123.6 USD/t 2. …”

“…Note:1 Workshop equipped with 200 5-axis machine tools with metalworking, cutting, cleaning and other complete functions;2 Bi-metal ion combination demulsification; 3 Membrane demulsification; 4 Thermal demulsification…”

Progressive Applications of Hyperbranched Polymer Based on Diarylamine: Antimicrobial, Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Aerobic Corrosion

“…Furthermore, hyperbranched polymers have various applications in many fields [4] including chemistry, life science, biotechnology, and the petroleum industry. Their applications in the petroleum industry include demulsifiers [5], corrosion and scale inhibitors [6], oil spill dispersants [7], and asphaltene dispersants [8]. HBPs consist of a central core spread out to form a network of repeating branches ended by characteristic groups, which form an external surface of the polymeric nanoparticle.…”