The deleterious effects of war and conflict on the provision of health care for vulnerable populations and the potential effects of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations in conflict zones

Abstract

Conflict as opposed to just war, has devastating effects on the host population in a variety of ways. The plight of the internally displaced population (internal refugees) and the increased urbanization of this latter phenomenon, pose stark challenges on an already broken and beleaguered administration that may or may not be sympathetic to the needs of its people. We discuss the effects of conflict on the provision of health care, hygiene, sanitation, mental health as well as maternal and child health. Finally, we discuss the added complication and implications of the current COVID-19 pandemic ravaging health infrastructures worldwide.

COVID‐19, economic problems, and family relationships in eight Middle East and North African countries

“…Many countries in the MENA region are experiencing political unrest and armed conflicts, which are great sources of stress and psychological distress (Jaspal et al, 2020 ; Valand et al, 2020 ). Also, the traditional family structure and role in the MENA countries are facing challenges due to globalization, economic crises, and population mobility (Kronfol et al, 2016 ).…”

Borderline microscopic organism and lockdown impacted across the borders—global shakers

“…For example, the use of mass quarantine automatically limited the rights of citizens to equality and democracy and produced shortages of food and shelter and civil unrest. The provision of health care has deteriorated by 23% and other critical services such as water and sanitation have started to hinder (Valand et al 2020 ). EVD survivors and their families also face prejudice in their communities; some survivors of being forced to relocate (Emrick et al 2016 ).…”

WASH Levels and Associated Human Health Risks in War-Prone West African Countries: A Global Indicators Study (2015 to 2021)

“…Conflicts and wars severely disrupt access to WASH services, leading to disease outbreaks and other health complications. 3 , 4 For instance, overcrowded refugee camps and temporary settlements often result in poor hygiene practices, limit access to water and sanitation facilities and heighten infection risks. 13 , 14 According to the World Health Organization, 5 waterborne diseases often arise during conflicts due to the destruction of WASH systems.…”