The deleterious effect of postpartum pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of dairy cows

Abstract

Background and Aim: Postpartum uterine infectious diseases, such as pyometra, have discrepancy with both health and, subsequently, productivity of dairy cows due to its high prevalence and the high cost of treatment. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of the pyometric animal compared to those of healthy ones. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 cows. The animals were differentiated into two groups of 15 cows each: A group of pyometra and a control group. All pyometric cows were subjected to breeding soundness examination after the end of pyometra and were compared to the control group. Blood samples were obtained to assess the levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, progesterone hormone (P4), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase. Results: Results revealed significant prolonged duration of first estrus, the days open, and the required number of services due to pyometra. The pyometra group yielded increased levels of NEFA, TGs, ALP, BUN, creatinine, MDA, and progesterone hormone. In addition, significant decrease in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, albumin, Ca, phosphorus, sodium, TAC, GPx, and superoxide dismutase was observed in the pyometra group. Finally, no difference in the concentrations of total protein, ALT, AST, and potassium was observed in the pyometra group. Conclusion: The reproductive indices was adversely influenced in cows with postpartum pyometra, and metabolic profile, involving energy balance signals and liver function indicators, revealed differences between the two groups. Increased levels of oxidative stress parameters and decrease levels of antioxidant levels were also found, suggesting that pyometra is an incentive for oxidative stress. Overall, checking the energy balance, metabolic imbalances, and oxidant/antioxidant profile, accompanied with pre-emptive procedures during the postpartum period, is essential and can reduce the chances of such diseases and possible noxious results in highly productive cows.

Predictive markers and risk factors in canine and feline pyometra under Egyptian conditions

“…In the present study, TAC significantly decreased in pyometra cases coincident with a decrease in SOD and CAT activities and an increase in NO and MDA levels. Former studies indicated a decrease in serum TAC levels (Amin et al, 2021) in pyometric dairy cows, and SOD and catalase in pyometric bitches (Rautela et al, 2018), perhaps due to an exhaustion of antioxidant system (Amin et al, 2021). SOD is considered as the 1st line of defense against ROS where it removes both intra-and extracellular superoxide radicals and decreases the danger of these radicals (Grieve and Shah, 2003).…”

“…Data regarding the changes in biochemical and hormonal parameters in bitches and queens showed pyometra is presented in table (2). There was significant increase in CRP (P< 0.01, 0.05), NO (P< 0.05), MDA (P< 0.01, 0.005), P4 (P< 0.05, 0.0001), but a decrease in SOD (P<0.0005, 0.005), CAT (P<0.05), TAC (P<0.05), in pyometric bitch and queen, respectively.…”

“…Oxidative stress is a usual phenomenon in the body. Many disturbances/diseases occur due to oxidative stress in association with the exhaustion of antioxidant system (Amin et al, 2021). One of the most important antioxidant enzymes in the biological system is superoxide dismutase (SOD) which converts superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide that is transformed to water by catalase and glutathione peroxidase (Rahman et al, 2006).…”

Antibiotic sensitivity test of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the reproductive tract of dairy cows

“…The non-specific bacteria most commonly involved were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Klebsiella (Bhat et al, 2014). The problems that arised due to non-specific bacterial infections in the reproductive tract were a decrease in the calving rate, decreased body weight, and the occurrence of repeat breeding, pyometra (chronic endometritis), and infertility, resulting in declined reproductive efficiency (Amin et al, 2021). The results of the study of Sharma et al (2009) showed that there were E. coli and S. aureus bacteria from the cervical mucus of repeat breeder cows.…”

Exploring oxidative stress, immunological and metabolic biomarkers in dairy cows with postpartum pyometra

“…imals(El-Deeb et al, 2019;El-Deeb & Buczinski, 2015;El-Deeb & Elmoslemany, 2015) Amin et al (2021). found that serum MDA levels were significantly higher in cows with pyometra compared to healthy cows.…”