The Delayed Lung Responses to Single and Repeated Intratracheal Administration of Pure Cobalt and Hard Metal Powder in the Rat

Lasfargues, G.; Lardot, C.; Delos, Monique; Lauwerys, Robert; Lison, Dominique

doi:10.1006/enrs.1995.1032

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Early data concerning the effects of inhaled WC-Co dusts first emerged in the 1960s and continued through the 1980s, providing researchers the foundation to further explore the toxic effects of hard metal exposure using in vitro [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] and in vivo 72,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] models. Although cobalt itself was originally considered the causative agent of HMLD, several studies demonstrated that this is not the case and the disease mainly develops due to the simultaneous presence of WC with Co. 71,74,[76][77][78][79]90,91 It is currently understood that the combination of WC-Co is more toxic than Co, W, or WC particles alone, both in vitro and in vivo, 71,72,74,78,79,81,85,90,91,93,94,…”

Section: Risk Of Wc-co Exposure: Hard Metal Lung Disease (Hmld) Prognmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cobalt itself was originally considered the causative agent of HMLD, several studies demonstrated that this is not the case and the disease mainly develops due to the simultaneous presence of WC with Co. 71,74,[76][77][78][79]90,91 It is currently understood that the combination of WC-Co is more toxic than Co, W, or WC particles alone, both in vitro and in vivo, 71,72,74,78,79,81,85,90,91,93,94,[97][98][99] but the reason for this enhanced toxicity is still not well defined.…”

Section: Risk Of Wc-co Exposure: Hard Metal Lung Disease (Hmld) Prognmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,72,[89][90][91][92]94 As noted in Table 5, the in vivo studies examined the effects of WC-Co particles in the Table 5 Summary of in vivo wC-Co toxicity studies Single IT bolus at 0-500 μg per rat 24 h exposure A consistent lack of acute local pulmonary inflammation was observed in terms of the BAL fluid parameters examined in animals exposed to wC-Co NPs while significant acute pulmonary inflammation was observed in the CeO 2 NP group micron-size range, using the mass-per-body weight dosing scheme (ie, mg/kg or mg/g), although some variation in particle size was noted in most cases (overall, WC-Co size ranging from 0.1 to 6 μm). Specifically, micro-sized WC-Co particle exposure caused significant pulmonary inflammation in rats, marked by increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid parameters such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and albumin content, compared to control animals, in as little as 24 h after delivery the of WC-Co IT bolus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…72,91,92,95 Significant pulmonary edema, interstitial lung fibrosis, alveolar congestion, and alveolitis were also reported in micro-sized WC-Co-exposed animals at 1 and 6 months following a single IT exposure. 89,90,95 Given this body of literature, the local effects of micro-sized WC-Co following pulmonary exposure have been characterized relatively well, and it is understood that micro-sized WC-Co exerts both acute and chronic effects in vivo.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nanotoxicity: emerging concerns regarding nanomaterial safety and occupational hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure

Armstead¹,

Li²

2016

IJN

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Section: Risk Of Wc-co Exposure: Hard Metal Lung Disease (Hmld) Prognmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Of Wc-co Exposure: Hard Metal Lung Disease (Hmld) Prognmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Nanotoxicity: emerging concerns regarding nanomaterial safety and occupational hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure

Armstead¹,

Li²

2016

IJN

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“…Workplace studies have identified cases of occupational asthma among CTC workers exposed to both cobalt and tungsten (Davison et al, 1983;Sprince et al 1988;Meyer-Bisch et al, 1989;Shirakawa et al, 1989;Kusaka et al, 1996) and diamond polishers exposed to cobalt alone (Gheysens et al, 1985). Cases of HMD have been reported among workers in all phases of CTC production (Bech et al, 1962;Coates and Watson, 1971;Sjo¨gren et al, 1980;Davison et al, 1983;Sprince et al, 1984Sprince et al, , 1988Meyer-Bisch et al, 1989;Cugell et al, 1990;Figueroa et al, 1992;Fischbein et al, 1992), which may be due to exposures to tungsten carbide particles in association with cobalt particles (Lasfargues et al, 1992(Lasfargues et al, , 1995Lison and Lauwerys, 1990, 1994, 1995Lison et al, , 1996. In humans, excess lung cancer has been observed among hard metal workers exposed to CTC dusts (Lasfargues et al, 1994;Moulin et al, 1998;Wild et al, 2000;Lison et al, 2001), but not among cobalt production workers exposed to cobalt alone (Moulin et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of exposures among cemented tungsten carbide workers. Part I: Size-fractionated exposures to airborne cobalt and tungsten particles

Stefaniak

Virji

Day

2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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As many as 30,000 workers in the United States of America are exposed to cemented tungsten carbides (CTC), alloys composed primarily of tungsten carbide and cobalt, which are used in cutting tools. Inhalation of cobalt-containing particles may be sufficient for the development of occupational asthma, whereas tungsten carbide particles in association with cobalt particles are associated with the development of hard metal disease (HMD) and lung cancer. Historical epidemiology and exposure studies of CTC workers often rely only on measures of total airborne cobalt mass concentration. In this study, we characterized cobalt-and tungsten-containing aerosols generated during the production of CTC with emphasis on (1) aerosol ''total'' mass (n ¼ 252 closed-face 37 mm cassette samples) and particle size-selective mass concentrations (n ¼ 108 eight-stage cascade impactor samples); (2) particle size distributions; and (3) comparison of exposures obtained using personal cassette and impactor samplers. Total cobalt and tungsten exposures were highest in work areas that handled powders (e.g., powder mixing) and lowest in areas that handled finished product (e.g., grinding). Inhalable, thoracic, and respirable cobalt and tungsten exposures were observed in all work areas, indicating potential for co-exposures to particles capable of getting deposited in the upper airways and alveolar region of the lung. Understanding the risk of CTC-induced adverse health effects may require two exposure regimes: one for asthma and the other for HMD and lung cancer. All sizes of cobalt-containing particles that deposit in the lung and airways have potential to cause asthma, thus a thoracic exposure metric is likely biologically appropriate. Cobalt-tungsten mixtures that deposit in the alveolar region of the lung may potentially cause HMD and lung cancer, thus a respirable exposure metric for both metals is likely biologically appropriate. By characterizing size-selective and co-exposures as well as multiple exposure pathways, this series of papers offer an approach for developing biologically meaningful exposure metrics for use in epidemiology.

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Tungsten

Olalde,

Venezia

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Tungsten is a rare metal with numerous applications, most notably in machine tools, catalysts, and superalloys. The physical and chemical properties of tungsten and its compounds of commercial importance (such as sodium tungstate, ammonium meta ‐ and para ‐tungstate, tungsten metal, tungsten carbide, and tungsten oxides), as well as tungsten industrialization, recycling, occupational exposure, and biomonitoring are discussed. Between 1970 and 1990, most tungsten toxicological investigations concerned the toxicity and health effects of cemented carbides, also known as hard metal, rather than tungsten and its compounds themselves. However, within the last decade a diversity of studies on the toxicity of the water soluble and bioavailable sodium tungstate, have been conducted to fill several toxicity knowledge gaps. Acute toxicity studies on several soluble (sodium tungstate, ammonium para ‐ and meta ‐tungstate) and sparingly water‐soluble (tungsten metal, tungsten oxides, tungsten carbide) substances reported low acute oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity, as well as a lack of eye and dermal irritation and sensitization potential. Studies published within the last 5–7 years on sodium tungstate include oral repeated exposure, reproductive, developmental, neurotoxicological, and immunotoxicological endpoints. Several reports have incorrectly associated repeated exposure toxicity of hard metals with pure tungsten carbide. As the toxicity of hard metal does not represent the intrinsic toxicity of tungsten substances so it is discussed separately within this chapter.

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The Delayed Lung Responses to Single and Repeated Intratracheal Administration of Pure Cobalt and Hard Metal Powder in the Rat

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Nanotoxicity: emerging concerns regarding nanomaterial safety and occupational hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure

Nanotoxicity: emerging concerns regarding nanomaterial safety and occupational hard metal (WC-Co) nanoparticle exposure

Characterization of exposures among cemented tungsten carbide workers. Part I: Size-fractionated exposures to airborne cobalt and tungsten particles

Tungsten

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