The Delay and Worry Experience of African American Women With Breast Cancer

Bradley, Patricia

doi:10.1188/05.onf.243-249

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…She found no relationship between the level of worry and delay for her sample, and none of the demographic variables (i.e., age, income, employment status, relationship status, health insurance coverage, living arrangement, or religious affiliation) were significantly related to patient or provider delay. The most important findings were that-contrary to most of the literature-the Black women in her sample did not report high levels of worry and no delay in seeking treatment (Bradley, 2005). Although worry and anxiety are different, it is instructive for our study that there were no significant differences between the levels of anxiety for people of color and Whites in our sample, either.…”

Section: Discussion and Limitationscontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…Those with and without coverage could exhibit anxiety about costs related to treatment, and those differences were not measured. Although she sampled an urban Downloaded by [Wayne State University] at 03:03 27 November 2014 population and our sample was rural, Bradley (2005) noted no significant differences between people with and without health care coverage in her sample of Black women with cancer in their delay or levels of worry. This is an important distinction (urban and rural rates of health care coverage), and future research in this area would be helpful to determine whether health care coverage is a source of worry or anxiety for rural populations where care is less prevalent.…”

Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…There is some evidence to support the idea that worry can delay help seeking and that this may be culturally related in some samples of women of color with cancer (Facione, 1993;Facione & Katapodi, 2000;Hoffman-Goetz & Mills, 1997). Bradley (2005) investigated the degree of worry and delay in seeking treatment (both provider and patient) among 60 urban women of color. She found no relationship between the level of worry and delay for her sample, and none of the demographic variables (i.e., age, income, employment status, relationship status, health insurance coverage, living arrangement, or religious affiliation) were significantly related to patient or provider delay.…”

Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer Does Not Phase Us: Exploring Anxiety Levels in Rural Oncology Patients

Humble

Slater

2011

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

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Section: Discussion and Limitationscontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer Does Not Phase Us: Exploring Anxiety Levels in Rural Oncology Patients

Humble

Slater

2011

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

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“…In one study, some African-American women were too scared to check their breasts,27 while in another study, 32% of African-American participants with breast cancer reported feeling scared when they discovered their symptoms 33. However, this and another study found no relationship between fear and delay 26 33…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Five quantitative studies were considered as high quality,16–20 four were deemed to be of medium quality21–24 and two of low quality 25 26. All six qualitative studies were considered as medium quality 27–32.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of barriers to early presentation and diagnosis with breast cancer among black women

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveTo explore barriers to early presentation and diagnosis with breast cancer among black women.DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched multiple bibliographic databases (January 1991–February 2013) for primary research, published in English, conducted in developed countries and investigating barriers to early presentation and diagnosis with symptomatic breast cancer among black women (≥18 years). Studies were excluded if they did not report separate findings by ethnic group or gender, only reported differences in time to presentation/diagnosis, or reported on interventions and barriers to cancer screening. We followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidance to identify relevant research. Findings were integrated through thematic synthesis. Designs of quantitative studies made meta-analysis impossible.ResultsWe identified 18 studies (6183 participants). Delay was multifactorial, individual and complex. Factors contributing to delay included: poor symptom and risk factor knowledge; fear of detecting breast abnormality; fear of cancer treatments; fear of partner abandonment; embarrassment disclosing symptoms to healthcare professionals; taboo and stigmatism. Presentation appears quicker following disclosure. Influence of fatalism and religiosity on delay is unclear from evidence in these studies. We compared older studies (≥10 years) with newer ones (<10 years) to determine changes over time. In older studies, delaying factors included: inaccessibility of healthcare services; competing priorities and concerns about partner abandonment. Partner abandonment was studied in older studies but not in newer ones. Comparisons of healthy women and cancer populations revealed differences between how people perceive they would behave, and actually behave, on finding breast abnormality.ConclusionsStrategies to improve early presentation and diagnosis with breast cancer among black women need to address symptom recognition and interpretation of risk, as well as fears of the consequences of cancer. The review is limited by the paucity of studies conducted outside the USA and limited detail reported by published studies preventing comparison between ethnic groups.

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The role of emotions in time to presentation for symptoms suggestive of cancer: a systematic literature review of quantitative studies

2015

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Background: Emotions may be important in patients' decisions to seek medical help for symptoms suggestive of cancer.Objectives: The aim of this systematic literature review was to examine quantitative literature on the influence of emotion on patients' help-seeking for symptoms suggestive of cancer. The objectives were to identify the following: (a) which types of emotions influence help-seeking behaviour, (b) whether these form a barrier or trigger for seeking medical help and (c) how the role of emotions varies between different cancers and populations.Methods: We searched four electronic databases and conducted a narrative synthesis. Inclusion criteria were studies that reported primary, quantitative research that examined any emotion specific to symptom appraisal or help-seeking for symptoms suggestive of cancer.Results: Thirty-three papers were included. The studies were heterogeneous in their methods and quality, and very few had emotion as the main focus of the research. Studies reported a limited range of emotions, mainly related to fear and worry. The impact of emotions appears mixed, sometimes acting as a barrier to consultation whilst at other times being a trigger or being unrelated to time to presentation. It is plausible that different emotions play different roles at different times prior to presentation.Conclusions: This systematic review provides some quantitative evidence for the role of emotions in help-seeking behaviour. However, it also highlighted widespread methodological, definition and design issues among the existing literature. The conflicting results around the role of emotions on time to presentation may be due to the lack of definition of each specific emotion.

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The Delay and Worry Experience of African American Women With Breast Cancer

Abstract: Interventions with African American women cannot assume that delay exists. Strategies that consider both individual and cultural group differences are essential to the early seeking of a diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer symptoms among African American women.

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Cancer Does Not Phase Us: Exploring Anxiety Levels in Rural Oncology Patients

Cancer Does Not Phase Us: Exploring Anxiety Levels in Rural Oncology Patients

A systematic review of barriers to early presentation and diagnosis with breast cancer among black women

The role of emotions in time to presentation for symptoms suggestive of cancer: a systematic literature review of quantitative studies

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