The degree of Cl-loss for the particulate matter (PM) and fog water sampled at the same air mass at the Hachimantai mountain range in northern Japan

Kikuchi, Ryoei; Takada, Makoto; Hifumi, Keita; Yoshimura, Keiji; Ozeki, Toru; Kimoto, Takashi; Kajikawa, Masahiro; Ogawa, Norio

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.08.001

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…NaCl is the most main component of super-micron (>1 μm) SSA, but its contribution to the mass of sea spray aerosols is largely reduced in the sub-micron (0.1–1 μm) size range4. In the atmosphere, SSA can rapidly age through a series of physical and chemical processes including heterogeneous reactions, cloud and fog processes5678910. For example, alkaline surface of SSA was reported to provide a perfect place for atmospheric chemistry reactions under ambient conditions rich in acid gases81112.…”

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confidence: 99%

Insight into Generation and Evolution of Sea-Salt Aerosols from Field Measurements in Diversified Marine and Coastal Atmospheres

Feng

Shen

Zhu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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This report focuses on studying generation and/or evolution of sea-salt aerosols (SSA) on basis of measurements in the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO), the marginal seas of China, at sea-beach sites and a semi-urban coastal site in 2012–2015. From measurements in the NWPO, we obtained the smallest generation function of the super-micron SSA mass ([MSSA]) by the local wind comparing to those previously reported. Vessel-caused wave-breaking was found to greatly enhance generation of SSA and increase [MSSA], which was subject to non-natural generation of SSA. However, naturally enhanced generation of SSA was indeed observed in the marginal seas and at the sea-beach site. The two enhancement mechanisms may explain the difference among this and previous studies. Size distributions of super-micron SSA exhibited two modes, i.e., 1–2 μm mode and ~5 μm mode. The 1–2 μm mode of SSA was enhanced more and comparable to the ~5 μm mode under the wind speed >7 m/s. However, the smaller mode SSA was largely reduced from open oceans to sea-beach sites with reducing wind speed. The two super-micron modes were comparable again at a semi-urban coastal site, suggesting that the smaller super-micron mode SSA may play more important roles in atmospheres.

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confidence: 99%

Insight into Generation and Evolution of Sea-Salt Aerosols from Field Measurements in Diversified Marine and Coastal Atmospheres

Feng

Shen

Zhu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…This is only ~2% of the measurement, suggesting trivial contribution of SSAs to 36 Cl deposition flux at the T1 site. Coastal fog of ~22 L m −2 yr −1 could have contributed to 36 Cl deposition since fog can scavenge both aerosols (with chloride deficits) and atmospheric gases (including the displaced HCl (g) ), leading to no chloride deficits in local fog (Wang et al, 2014) as found in other studies (e.g., Kikuchi et al, 2009). However, there was a significant chloride deficit (60.5%, Table 1) in deposition at the T1 site, indicating the dominance of dry deposition of aerosols at T1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Modern Meteoric ³⁶Cl Deposition in the Atacama Desert, Chile

Wang

Michalski

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Modern atmospheric deposition along a west-east transect in the Atacama Desert, Chile, was collected to constrain the meteoric 36 Cl/Cl ratio and 36 Cl deposition flux. The 36 Cl deposition flux had a threefold change, from 3.62(±0.18) to 11.6(±0.2) atoms m −2 s −1 , going from the coast to the high Andes. The 36 Cl deposition was mainly as dry deposition, and the magnitude and differences between sites were attributed to stratosphere-troposphere transport and chloride deficits by acid displacement, respectively. The meteoric 36 Cl/Cl ratios varied greatly from 31.5(±1.1) × 10 −15 to 247(±10) × 10 −15 , which was attributed to local inputs of oceanic chloride near the coast or chloride minerals entrained from nearby salt playas. This study presented refined estimates of the 36 Cl deposition flux and meteoric 36 Cl/Cl ratio in a desert region in southern tropical zone. The data set will provide a baseline for using natural 36 Cl abundances to date salt accumulation in the Atacama. Plain Language Summary 36 Cl is a radioactive chlorine isotope found in the atmosphere and can be used in many ways, from determining ages of soils and groundwaters to tracing origins of salts and groundwater flow paths. In order to use meteoric 36 Cl, we must know how much is deposited from the atmosphere to the surface. There are only a few studies of 36 Cl deposition in southern hemisphere, even less in extraordinarily dry environments, which hinders its use in desert regions south of the equator. We have measured the 36 Cl deposition along a west-east transect in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile and developed a simple explanation for our results. Future work will use this deposition rate to determine the duration of soil salt accumulation in the Atacama and understand changes in climate (precipitation) in the past. 36 Cl/Cl ratios and 36 Cl deposition fluxes is essential in order to utilize meteoric 36 Cl in biogeochemical studies, yet the "initial value problem" remains a challenge (Davis et al., 1998). Advances in 36 Cl measurements have enabled the assessment of 36 Cl deposition in many regions. Measurements of low-level 36 Cl concentrations by the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) were first adopted for 36 Cl analysis of meteorites, ice cores, or precipitations/water samples to determine ages of

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“…For example, Kikuchi et al, reported that when air mass was transported from northeastern China, fog contained Kosa as a insoluble substances. Furthermore, Kikuchi et al, made clear for the difference of the degree of Clloss between fog and PM during transportation [13]. However, the origin of various elements was not able to be clarified in their paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Transportation Course of Heavy Metal Elements in the Particulate Matter (PM) at the Hachimantai Mountain Range in Northern Japan

Kikuchi

Sasaki

Oba

et al. 2010

Int.J.Soc.Mater.Eng.Resour.

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Particulate matter (PM) was collected at the Hachimantai mountain range in northern Japan. In the present study, the origin and transportation course of the heavy metal elements were discussed for PM fine and PM coarse , determined by using PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) and back trajectory analyses. The result shows that the PM fine emitted mainly from artificial sources, compared with the PM coarse from natural sources, since the Enrichment Factor (EF) value and S/K ratio of PM fine was one order higher than that of PM coarse . The origin of Pb in PM at Akita Hachimantai mountain range has both of the anthropogenic and the metal refining origins, using the analysis of Pb/Br. Furthermore, from result of back trajectory analysis when the air mass was transported over the Japanese Islands, the air mass was mainly passed over the large-scale industrial area in Japan. The origin of As and Se were mainly gasoline and coal combustion, and were transported from Chinese continent and/or Korea peninsula.

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The degree of Cl-loss for the particulate matter (PM) and fog water sampled at the same air mass at the Hachimantai mountain range in northern Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Insight into Generation and Evolution of Sea-Salt Aerosols from Field Measurements in Diversified Marine and Coastal Atmospheres

Insight into Generation and Evolution of Sea-Salt Aerosols from Field Measurements in Diversified Marine and Coastal Atmospheres

Modern Meteoric ³⁶Cl Deposition in the Atacama Desert, Chile

Origin and Transportation Course of Heavy Metal Elements in the Particulate Matter (PM) at the Hachimantai Mountain Range in Northern Japan

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The degree of Cl-loss for the particulate matter (PM) and fog water sampled at the same air mass at the Hachimantai mountain range in northern Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Insight into Generation and Evolution of Sea-Salt Aerosols from Field Measurements in Diversified Marine and Coastal Atmospheres

Insight into Generation and Evolution of Sea-Salt Aerosols from Field Measurements in Diversified Marine and Coastal Atmospheres

Modern Meteoric 36Cl Deposition in the Atacama Desert, Chile

Origin and Transportation Course of Heavy Metal Elements in the Particulate Matter (PM) at the Hachimantai Mountain Range in Northern Japan

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Modern Meteoric ³⁶Cl Deposition in the Atacama Desert, Chile