The Degradation of Deoxynivalenol by Using Electrochemical Oxidation with Graphite Electrodes and the Toxicity Assessment of Degradation Products

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin, which is known to be extremely harmful to human and livestock health. In this study, DON was degraded by electrochemical oxidation (ECO) using a graphite electrode and NaCl as the supporting electrolyte. The graphite electrode is advantageous due to its electrocatalytic activity, reusability, and security. The degradation process can be expressed by first-order kinetics. Approximately 86.4% of DON can be degraded within 30 min at a potential of 0.5 V. The degradation rate reached 93.2% within 30 min, when 0.5 V potential was used for electrocatalyzing a 10 mg/L DON solution. The degradation rate of DON in contaminated wet distiller’s grain with solubles (WDGS) was 86.37% in 60 min. Moreover, results from the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining assay indicated that ECO reduced the DON-induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic bodies in a gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) compared to the DON-treated group. These findings provide new insights into the application of ECO techniques for degrading mycotoxins, preventing food contamination, and assessing DON-related hazards.

Electrochemical Degradation and Toxicity Evaluation of Deoxynivalenol in Wheat Grains

“…When the potential increased to 1.5 V or higher, the potential gradually reached the standard electrode potential of HClO (1.482 V, eq ) and •OH (2.800 V, eq ), and DON was mainly oxidized by chlorine-based oxidant (HClO/ClO – ) and hydroxyl radicals (indirect oxidation) produced during electrolysis. − The effect of degradation time on the degradation rate of DON is shown in Figure b. The DON degradation rate gradually increased from 17.97 ± 1.21% to 100% with the increase of degradation time, which may be attributed to more production of oxidants and more sufficient oxidation reaction time …”

Microfluidic Assembly Synthesis of Magnetic TiO2@SiO2 Hybrid Photonic Crystal Microspheres for Photocatalytic Degradation of Deoxynivalenol

“…For the magnetic MHPCMs (Fig. 6c), MHPCM-3 gave us a degradation rate of 49% for DON in 5 h, while MHPCM-1, MHPCM-2 and MHPCM-4 gave the degradation rate of 13%, 38% and 39%, respectively, suggesting MHPCM-3 had a better photocatalytic degradation performance, but this degradation efficiency was much lower than other methods or materials (60-90%) [12,13,18]. The physical adsorption of DON by MHPCM-1 to MHPCM-4 in 5 h were measured to be 10%, 11%, 14% and 20%, respectively (Fig.…”

“…natural aluminosilicate, mesoporous silica, and porous polymers [9,10]. Chemical or enzymic transformation methods had been utilized to treat DON based on the hydrolysis and oxidation reactions by using acids or bases or oxidants or enzymes [11][12][13]. A lot of work was focused on how to get the desired bacterium which could detoxify DON efficiently by bacteria screening [14,15].…”

Evaluation of Electrochemical Methods for Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment

“…Despite the initial cost of the Gr electrode being relatively higher compared to Fe and Al electrodes, it was observed to form the best combination due to its stability and reusability [59]. The total operating cost for Fe-Fe ranged from 1.55 US $/m 3 to 3.51 US $/m 3 of purified water, while that of Fe-Gr ranged from 0.83 US $/m 3 to 1.93 US $/m 3 of purified water after 10 min of the treatment process.…”