The defective seed5 (des5) mutant: effects on barley seed development and HvDek1, HvCr4, and HvSal1 gene regulation

Olsen, Lene; Divon, Hege H.; Al, Ronald; Fosnes, Kjetil; Lid, Stein Erik; Opsahl-Sorteberg, Hilde-Gunn

doi:10.1093/jxb/ern228

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A similar development has been observed in maize (Lid et al 2004) and barley (Olsen et al 2008) mutants. Redifferentiation of starchy cells into aleurone and vice versa detected in defective kernel1 ( dek1 ) maize mutants points to the developmental plasticity of the aleurone layer (Gruis et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Instability of endosperm development in amphiploids and their parental species in the genus Avena L.

Tomaszewska

Kosina

2018

Plant Cell Rep

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Key messageThe development of oat endosperm is modified by chromatin and nuclei elimination, intrusive growth of cell walls, and polyploidisation of cell clones. The last event is correlated with somatic crossing-over.AbstractGrass endosperm is a variable tissue in terms of its cytogenetics and development. Free-nuclear syncytium and starchy and aleurone endosperm were the main focus of the research. These were studied in oat amphiploids (4x, 6x, and 8x) and parental species (2x, 4x, and 6x). What the levels of cytogenetic disorders and developmental anomalies in species versus hybrids are, and, what the factors are determining phenotypes of both tissue components, are open questions for oats. Chromosome bridges and micronuclei are the main cytogenetic disorders showing the elimination of parts of genomes. Bridges are formed by the AT-heterochromatin-rich and -free ends of chromosomes. In the starchy tissue, various sectors are separated structurally due to the elongation or intrusive growth of aleurone cells. The development of the aleurone layer is highly disturbed locally due to the amplification of aleurone cell divisions. Changes related to their structure and metabolism occur in the aleurone cells, for example, clones of small versus large aleurone cells. Somatic crossing-over (SCO) is expressed in clones of large polyploidised cells (r = 0.80***), giving rise to new aleurone phenotypes. The multivariate description of the endosperm instability showed that endospermal disorders were more frequent in amphiploids than in the oat species. Avena strigosa and the amphiploid A. fatua × A. sterilis appeared to be extreme units in an ordination space. Nuclear DNA elimination, periclinal and multidirectional cytokineses, polyploidisation, intrusive growth, and SCO appeared to be important factors determining oat endospermal variations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Instability of endosperm development in amphiploids and their parental species in the genus Avena L.

Tomaszewska

Kosina

2018

Plant Cell Rep

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“…Typical barley cultivars contain three to four aleurone layers, with layer number inherited as a quantitative trait (Jestin et al, 2008). The recessive barley des5 mutant possesses a single aleurone layer, indicating this gene normally functions to increase layer number, opposite Thk1+ (Olsen et al, 2008). The multiple aleurone layer trait present in Coroico maize landraces is inherited as a partially dominant, but complex, trait (Wolf et al, 1972;P.…”

Section: The Regulation Of Aleurone Layer Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thethick aleurone1Mutant Defines a Negative Regulation of Maize Aleurone Cell Fate That Functions Downstream ofdefective kernel1

Lauter

Scott

et al. 2011

Plant Physiology

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The maize (Zea mays) aleurone layer occupies the single outermost layer of the endosperm. The defective kernel1 (dek1) gene is a central regulator required for aleurone cell fate specification. dek1 mutants have pleiotropic phenotypes including lack of aleurone cells, aborted embryos, carotenoid deficiency, and a soft, floury endosperm deficient in zeins. Here we describe the thick aleurone1 (thk1) mutant that defines a novel negative function in the regulation of aleurone differentiation. Mutants possess multiple layers of aleurone cells as well as aborted embryos. Clonal sectors of thk1 mutant tissue in otherwise normal endosperm showed localized expression of the phenotype with sharp boundaries, indicating a localized cellular function for the gene. Sectors in leaves showed expanded epidermal cell morphology but the mutant epidermis generally remained in a single cell layer. Double mutant analysis indicated that the thk1 mutant is epistatic to dek1 for several aspects of the pleiotropic dek1 phenotype. dek1 mutant endosperm that was mosaic for thk1 mutant sectors showed localized patches of multilayered aleurone. Localized sectors were surrounded by halos of carotenoid pigments and double mutant kernels had restored zein profiles. In sum, loss of thk1 function restored the ability of dek1 mutant endosperm to accumulate carotenoids and zeins and to differentiate aleurone. Therefore the thk1 mutation defines a negative regulator that functions downstream of dek1 in the signaling system that controls aleurone specification and other aspects of endosperm development. The thk1 mutation was found to be caused by a deletion of approximately 2 megabases.

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“…Functional knowledge and the annotation of ESCRT-III components in cereals are missing—with the exception of SAL1 in maize and barley (Olsen et al 2008 ; Shen et al 2003 ). ESCRT-III members constitute a family of small coiled coil proteins which are divided into the two subfamilies SNF7-VPS20-VPS60 and VPS2-VPS24-VPS46; the number of paralogs for each subunit member varies between organisms (Howard et al 2001 ; Leung et al 2008 ; Winter and Hauser 2006 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell layer-specific distribution of transiently expressed barley ESCRT-III component HvVPS60 in developing barley endosperm

et al. 2015

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The significance of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-III in cereal endosperm has been shown by the identification of the recessive mutant supernumerary aleurone layer1 (SAL1) in maize. ESCRT-III is indispensable in the final membrane fission step during biogenesis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), responsible for protein sorting to vacuoles and to the cell surface. Here, we annotated barley ESCRT-III members in the (model) crop Hordeum vulgare and show that all identified members are expressed in developing barley endosperm. We used fluorescently tagged core ESCRT-III members HvSNF7a/CHMP4 and HvVPS24/CHMP3 and the associated ESCRT-III component HvVPS60a/CHMP5 for transient localization studies in barley endosperm. In vivo confocal microscopic analyses show that the localization of recombinantly expressed HvSNF7a, HvVPS24 and HvVPS60a differs within barley endosperm. Whereas HvSNF7a induces large agglomerations, HvVPS24 shows mainly cytosolic localization in aleurone and subaleurone. In contrast, HvVPS60a localizes strongly at the plasma membrane in aleurone. In subaleurone, HvVPS60a was found to a lesser extent at the plasma membrane and at vacuolar membranes. These results indicate that the steady-state association of ESCRT-III may be influenced by cell layer-specific protein deposition or trafficking and remodelling of the endomembrane system in endosperm. We show that sorting of an artificially mono-ubiquitinated Arabidopsis plasma membrane protein is inhibited by HvVPS60a in aleurone. The involvement of HvVPS60a in different cell layer-specific trafficking pathways, reflected by localization of HvVPS60a at the plasma membrane in aleurone and at the PSV membrane in subaleurone, is discussed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00709-015-0798-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The defective seed5 (des5) mutant: effects on barley seed development and HvDek1, HvCr4, and HvSal1 gene regulation

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Instability of endosperm development in amphiploids and their parental species in the genus Avena L.

Instability of endosperm development in amphiploids and their parental species in the genus Avena L.

Thethick aleurone1Mutant Defines a Negative Regulation of Maize Aleurone Cell Fate That Functions Downstream ofdefective kernel1

Cell layer-specific distribution of transiently expressed barley ESCRT-III component HvVPS60 in developing barley endosperm

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