The deep structure of south-central Taiwan illuminated by seismic tomography and earthquake hypocenter data

Camanni, Giovanni; Álvarez-Marrón, Joaquina; Brown, Dennis; Ayala, C.; Wu, Yih‐Min; Hsieh, Han-Chang

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2015.09.016

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Given the large displacement along the Shuangtung thrust which splays off the Shuilikeng thrust, and the potential connection with the basal detachment in the Western Foothills, it seems likely that the Shuilikang thrust reaches deep down as indicated in Figure 11A. The area between the Shuilikeng thrust and the Lishan fault is characterized by enhanced seismic activity reaching down to a depth of 30 km [98,109,110], a fact that also points to a deep-reaching fault.…”

Section: Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The seismic activity in the cross-section of Figure 11A was compiled from three data sets: clusters of earthquakes in the time period of 1990 -2011 [110], the seismic energy release [105], and earthquake foci of the period from June to November 2016 retrieved from the Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network (CWBSN) of Taiwan. In the Western Foothills earthquakes are distributed along a 10 km thick band straddling the décollement level of the detached Pliocene sediments as noted already by [113].…”

Section: Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[99,105,107]. Earthquake cluster after [110], seismic energy release data after [105], earthquake foci 2016 retrieved from Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network of Taiwan (CWBSN). Uplift rates constructed from [114].…”

Section: Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner¹

2017

Preprint

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This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represents two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. A thick-skinned tectonic style is typical for margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction related orogens, thin-and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In composite orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.

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Section: Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner¹

2017

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Given the large displacement along the Shuangtung thrust which splays off the Shuilikeng thrust, and the potential connection with the basal detachment in the Western Foothills, it seems likely that the Shuilikeng thrust reaches deep down as indicated in Figure 11A. The area between the Shuilikeng thrust and the Lishan fault is characterized by enhanced seismic activity reaching down to a depth of 30 km [105,116,117], a fact that also points to a deep-reaching fault.…”

Section: Taiwanmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner¹

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represent two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. Both styles are encountered in former passive margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction-related orogens, thin-and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In most orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures both occur and evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.

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“…The depth and dip angle of the ramp inferred in this study are slightly different from the shallower fault inferred in Huang et al (2016a), but the difference may not be significant enough to switch the static Coulomb stress change to fault failure. We cannot rule out, however, the existence of other structures between the hypocenter and the shallow structures, such as deeper detachment(s) or possible reactivated Paleogene normal faults (e.g., Mouthereau et al 2001;Carena et al 2002;Mouthereau and Lacombe 2006;Rodriguez-Roa and Wiltschko 2010;Camanni et al 2016), that could have promoted slip on the shallower ramp. Alternatively, these shallow structures could be activated dynamically by seismic waves radiated from the Meinong main fault structure (e.g., Freed 2005).…”

Section: Relationship To the Earthquake Source And Trigger Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow geological structures triggered during the Mw 6.4 Meinong earthquake, southwestern Taiwan

Béon¹,

Huang²,

Suppe³

et al. 2017

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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The Meinong earthquake generated up to ~10 cm surface displacement located 10 -35 km west of the epicenter and monitored by InSAR and GPS. In addition to coseismic deformation related to the deep earthquake source, InSAR revealed three sharp surface displacement gradients. One of them is extensional and is inconsistent with the westward interseismic shortening of ~45 mm yr -1 in this region. The gradient sharpness suggests slip triggering on shallow structures, some of which were not well documented before. To characterize these shallow structures, we investigated potential surface ruptures in the field. Sets of ~NS tension cracks distributed over 25 -300 m width, with cumulative extension in the same order as InSAR observations, were found along 5.5 km distance along the extensional gradient and are interpreted as surface rupture. We build two E-W regional balanced cross-sections, based on surface geology, subsurface data, and coseismic and interseismic geodetic data. From the Coastal Plain to the east edge of the coseismic deformation area, we propose a series of three active west-dipping backthrusts: the Houchiali fault, the Napalin-Pitou backthrust, and the Lungchuan backthrust. They all root on the 3.5 -4.0 km deep Tainan detachment located near the base of the 3-km-thick Gutingkeng mudstone. Further east, the detachment would ramp down to ~7 km depth. Coseismic surface deformation measurements suggest that, in addition to the deeper (15 -20 km) main rupture plane, mostly the ramp, the Lungchuan backthrust, and the Tainan detachment were activated during or right after the earthquake. Local extension is considered as transient deformation at the west edge of the shallow main slip zone.

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The deep structure of south-central Taiwan illuminated by seismic tomography and earthquake hypocenter data

Cited by 20 publications

References 111 publications

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Shallow geological structures triggered during the Mw 6.4 Meinong earthquake, southwestern Taiwan

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