The deep sea is a hot spot of fish body shape evolution

Martinez, Christopher M.; Friedman, Sarah T.; Corn, Katherine A.; Larouche, Olivier; Price, Samantha A.; Wainwright, Peter C.

doi:10.1111/ele.13785

Cited by 37 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…3 ). However, previous studies have found significant but small effects of major habitat transitions on fish body shape diversification ( 63 , 64 ) that contrast with the significant and stronger results from our phylogenetic MANOVA, suggesting that feeding mode has a relatively strong influence on body shape and its evolution when compared with the effects of other ecological traits.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The rise of biting during the Cenozoic fueled reef fish body shape diversification

Corn

Friedman

Burress

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Diversity of feeding mechanisms is a hallmark of reef fishes, but the history of this variation is not fully understood. Here, we explore the emergence and proliferation of a biting mode of feeding, which enables fishes to feed on attached benthic prey. We find that feeding modes other than suction, including biting, ram biting, and an intermediate group that uses both biting and suction, were nearly absent among the lineages of teleost fishes inhabiting reefs prior to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, but benthic biting has rapidly increased in frequency since then, accounting for about 40% of reef species today. Further, we measured the impact of feeding mode on body shape diversification in reef fishes. We fit a model of multivariate character evolution to a dataset comprising three-dimensional body shape of 1,530 species of teleost reef fishes across 111 families. Dedicated biters have accumulated over half of the body shape variation that suction feeders have in just 18% of the evolutionary time by evolving body shape ∼1.7 times faster than suction feeders. As a possible response to the ecological and functional diversity of attached prey, biters have dynamically evolved both into shapes that resemble suction feeders as well as novel body forms characterized by lateral compression and small jaws. The ascendance of species that use biting mechanisms to feed on attached prey reshaped modern reef fish assemblages and has been a major contributor to their ecological and phenotypic diversification.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The rise of biting during the Cenozoic fueled reef fish body shape diversification

Corn

Friedman

Burress

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Affinity to feeding habitat was included to define whether species feed at or near the bottom or in the pelagic, distinguishing them as demersal, pelagic, bathypelagic or benthopelagic. The shape of the body and aspect ratio of the caudal fin can inform about fish lifestyle and relate to functions such as mobility, feeding strategy, and habitat use (Friedman et al, 2020; Martinez et al, 2021). Body shape is herein described as eel‐like, fusiform, elongated, flat, and short and/or deep, whereas aspect‐ratio is a measure of the fin shape (Aspect ratio = h 2 /s; where h is height of the caudal fin, and s is surface area of the fin) (Pauly, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent warming causes functional borealization and diversity loss in deep fish communities east of Greenland

Emblemsvåg

Pécuchet

Velle

et al. 2022

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim:We assessed temporal trends in functional diversity of the deep-sea demersal fish communities of East Greenland to characterize ecological responses to rising sea temperatures. Location:The study region encompasses a shelf and slope area located offshore between 63°N and 66°N, east of Greenland.Methods: A unique dataset of demersal fish abundance covering a depth range of 1500 m over 18 years was combined with a fish trait dataset which included a mix of quantitative and categorial traits that characterized species' morphology, feeding strategy, habitat, and life history. We analysed the species by trait matrix using principal component analysis (PCA). To investigate trait patterns across the communities (sites), community weighted mean (CWM) traits were calculated and analysed using PCA. Further, depth specific and temporal trends in functional diversity indices were calculated. Results:We found signs of a taxonomic and functional borealization, associated with a loss in functional diversity, down to 1000 m, characterized by an increase in mobile generalists and a decrease in bottom dwelling benthivores. Main conclusions:The increased dominance of boreal species traits was not sufficient to compensate for the loss of Arctic species traits leading to declining functional diversity. The decrease in functional diversity may negatively affect ecosystem robustness to environmental change. These responses are most likely not unique to this study area and call for more attention to ecosystem considerations in climate change management strategies in the deep-sea.

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“…To adapt to changeable environments, fish modify their morphology and physiology, and the phenotypic plasticity results in morphological divergence which may, in some instances, be involved in response to different environmental conditions 31 . Our study revealed the phenotypic divergence of Eleutheronema species among diverse populations, characterized mainly by the depth of caudal peduncle and length of caudal peduncle, indicating the evolution in the caudal peduncle which is associated with swimming behaviors in deeper waters 32 . The caudal fin was also among the variables with high loadings on the PC1, suggesting evolution in the caudal area, likely associated with the consequence of phenotypic plasticity in response to hydrological conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Molecular phylogenetic and morphometric analysis of population structure and demography of endangered threadfin fish Eleutheronema from Indo-Pacific waters

Xiao

Lyu

Iqbal

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The threadfin Eleutheronema are the important fishery resources in Indo-Pacific regions and classified as the endangered species with considerable conservation values. Their genetic diversity and population structure remain essentially unknown but are critical for the proper management and sustainable harvests of such important fisheries. Here, the mitochondrial DNA sequences of CO1 and 16s rRNA were determined from 75 individuals of Eleutheronema tetradactylum and 89 individuals of Eleutheronema rhadinum collected from different locations of South China Sea and Thailand coastal waters. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that both E. tetradactylum (Haplotype diversity, H = 0.105–0.211; Nucleotide diversity, π = 0.00017–0.00043) and E. rhadinum (H = 0.074–0.663, π = 0.00013–0.01088) had low diversity. Population structure analysis demonstrated the shallow genetic differentiation among the South China Sea populations. The limited communication between China and Thailand populations caused the high genetic differentiation in all groups due to the low dispersal ability. Reconstruction of CO1 phylogenetic relationships and demographic studies across Indo-West-Pacific regions provided strong evidence for a shared common origin or ancestor of E. tetradactylum and E. rhadinum. Eleutheronema rhadinum were further subdivided into two distinct genetic lineages, with Clade A dominantly distributing in Thailand and Malaysia and Clade B distributing in China coastal waters. Phenotypic divergence, characterized mainly by the depth of caudal peduncle and length of caudal peduncle, was also observed for all populations, which was possibly associated with specific local adaptations to environmental changes. Our study suggested a strong need for the development of proper fishery management strategies and conservation actions for the imperiled Eleutheronema species.

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The deep sea is a hot spot of fish body shape evolution

Cited by 37 publications

References 60 publications

The rise of biting during the Cenozoic fueled reef fish body shape diversification

The rise of biting during the Cenozoic fueled reef fish body shape diversification

Recent warming causes functional borealization and diversity loss in deep fish communities east of Greenland

Molecular phylogenetic and morphometric analysis of population structure and demography of endangered threadfin fish Eleutheronema from Indo-Pacific waters

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