The Decrease in the Unintentional Injury Mortality Disparity Between American Indians/Alaska Natives and Non–American Indians/Alaska Natives in New Mexico, 1980 to 2009

Abstract

The unintentional injury death rate disparity decreased substantially from 1980-1982 to 2007-2009 largely because of the decrease in motor vehicle crash and pedestrian death rates among American Indians/Alaska Natives and the increase in the poisoning death rate among non-American Indians/Alaska Natives.

Inequalities in unintentional injuries between indigenous and non-indigenous children: a systematic review

“…Of the 39 studies included in the review, 21 were from the USA,2 7 19 24 – 41 8 from Australia,4 8 42 – 47 7 from Canada3 5 48 – 52 and 3 from New Zealand 6 17 53. More than half the studies (n=23) presented mortality data,2 5 7 19 24 26 – 28 30 31 34 – 38 40 41 45 46 48 49 51 52 with the remainder investigating mortality and morbidity (n=8),3 6 8 39 42 47 53 54 morbidity only (n=7)4 17 29 33 43 44 50 and Years of Potential Life Lost (n=1) 25. All studies investigating morbidity outcomes were based on hospital data, the terms, morbidity and hospitalisation, are therefore used interchangeably hereafter.…”

“…The other 12 studies included people older than 19 years in the sample and/or provided less detailed results for 0–19-year-olds or smaller sub-groups within this age range. Fifteen studies analysed data collected in the last decade,8 17 24 25 29 – 31 38 39 42 44 47 50 – 52 and the remaining studies were based on data prior to 2002.…”

“…Indigenous to non-indigenous rate ratios for morbidity and mortality ranged from 1.2 to 2.33 33 50 and 1.8 to 8.2,3 5 19 24 31 38 46 49 51 52 respectively. One study from the USA reported 1.6 and 1.8 times higher rates of years of potential life lost among American Indian and Alaskan Native boys and girls, respectively, compared with white American children25 (figures 2 and 3 and see online supplement 2 table S2).…”

“…The greatest differences in morbidity and mortality between indigenous and non-indigenous children were reported by four Canadian studies that used an ecological study design,3 50 – 52 measuring indigenous status at the area, as opposed to the individual, level 3 50 51. Four studies differentiated by age groups,3 19 24 31 (see online supplement table S2), two of these from the USA reported higher mortality inequalities in the youngest age groups (under 1-year-olds and 1–4-year-olds) compared with 1–9 and 10–19-year–olds, respectively 19 24. By comparison, a recent study from the USA reported lower mortality inequalities in the under 1-year-olds and 1–4–year-olds, compared with the 5–14-year–olds,31 and a Canadian study showed no age pattern in the size of inequalities in the analysis of hospital data 3…”

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Rates of Traumatic Injury in Arizona, 2011-2012

“…[4][5][6] Those studies that have focused on these minority populations compared only a single racial/ethnic group with the general population. [7][8][9][10][11] Arizona's population is a particularly good source of data for studies of injury because it includes these minority groups in numbers that are large enough to obtain meaningful results. Arizona's injury data allow an evaluation of disparities in the incidence of traumatic injury among five racial/ethnic groups and an evaluation of injury mechanism and intent.…”