The Decline of the Addict as “Psychopath”: Implications for Community Care

Monroe, Jack J.; Ross, Wesley F.; Berzins, Juris I.

doi:10.3109/10826087109058957

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The findings from this study support the conclusions made by Monroe, Ross and Berzins (1971) which warn against the formation of highly specialized and circumscribed drug abuse treatment units or programs. Methadone maintenance programs, of this nature, which are heavily staffed with para-professionals or ex-addict counselors may easily obviate the necessity for clinical diagnosis and differential psychotherapeutic approaches which could ht ameliorative.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The MMPI consists of eight major clinical scales which measure various dimensions of psychopathology. According to Monroe, Ross, and Berzins (1971), the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) and Hypomania (Ma) scales are associated with characterological or personality disorder. The Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D), and Hysteria (Hy) scales, comprising the "neurotic triad", refer to emotional disturbance.…”

Section: Nature and Severity Of Psychiatric Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine the type of psychopathology present among the three comparative groups, the MMPI test scores were converted to T-scores and plotted on standardized MMPI profile sheets. In a manner similar to that employed by Monroe, Ross, and Berzins (1971), a T-score of 70 (two standard deviations above the general population mean) was accepted as evidence of characterological disorder, emotional disturbance, or thinking disturbance. The highest single peak or elevation in each applicant's profile was used to assess the primary nature of psychopathology present.…”

Section: Data Analysis mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Heroin Addict Methadone Maintenance Applicants

1976

British Journal of Addiction to Alcohol & Other Drugs

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This research investigation was undertaken in an effort to discern possible differences between three comparative groups of methadone maintenance applicants on the basis of sample background characteristics, type of presenting psychopathotogy, and severity of psychiatric disturbance. The findings revealed a broad spectrum of' psychiatric disturbance among the three comparative groups {Mexican-American males, Caucasian males, and females). More psychiatric disturbance was detected within the mate samples. Over hatfofthe entire population studied manifested moderate to severe psychiatric disturbances. The results of this research are discussed in view of the implications for rehabititation, treatment planning, and staffing composition within a methadone maintenance program.Within recent years, responsibility for treatment of the compulsive narcotics user has gradually been shifted from the province of the Federal government to the local community. A number of conceptually distinct treatment approaches or models have been developed on the premise that different approaches may be more effective and have more relevance for specific addicts than others.Emphasis upon generating a multimodality system has gained increasing popularity. This view has come to imply that within a treatment network a wide range of treatment modalities should be offered. Commonly utilized approaches are methadone maintenance, the self-regulating therapeutic community (residential treatment), and traditional methods (often, abstinence and either individual or group therapy).A determination of the nature and extent of personality dysfunction or psychopathology in narcotic dependent individuals is a necessity if a scientific foundation for treatment approaches is to exist. This factor becomes particularly relevant in that a wide range of psychotropic drugs, behavioural, and psychotherapeutic techniques exist which are fairly specific in their approach to symptom reduction and behavioural change.The extent and nature of psychopathology present among narcotic users is vital to the design of an efficient rehabilitation program and has profound implications for the staffing composition of the treatment program as well as for the specific therapeutic interventions which might be employed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Nature and Severity Of Psychiatric Disturbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysis mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Heroin Addict Methadone Maintenance Applicants

1976

British Journal of Addiction to Alcohol & Other Drugs

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“…The discriminant analysis attached the second lowest weight to the Pd scale. This is not surprising when it is remembered that Pd accounts for a major portion of the variance (Hill, Haertzen and Glaser, 1960;Hill, Haertzen and Davis, 1962;Haertzen, Hill and Monroe, 1968;Monroe, Ross and Berzins, 1971) ofthe low inckme narcotic addict group and that the goal of the discriminant function in this context was to account for within (methadone maintenance patients) group variation. The low weight assigned to the Prf scale in the discriminant functions indicates that P</is of less utility when the goal is to discriminate within a group of narcotic addicts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMPI and Pyp Prediction compared to Base Rate Prediction of Six‐month Behavioral Outcome for Methadone Patients*

Ottomanelli

1977

British Journal of Addiction to Alcohol & Other Drugs

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Discriminant functions, using the scales ofthe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Pyp, a scale measuring psychopathy, were compared with base rate estimates in predicting six-month outcome for 106 methadone patients. Employment, arrest and attrition were the behavioral categories used for group assignment in the discriminant analysis. The discriminant functions accurately classified 50 per cent of the employed and not arrested group, 57 per cent of the unemployed and not arrested group, 29 per cent of the unemployed and arrested group, and 50 per cent of the discharged group. Consideration was given to the utility ofthe MMPI and Pyp scales as compared to base rate predictions for each of the group classifications.

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“…However, there are other studies which seem to de-emphasize both psychopathic conditions and neuroticism as relevant clinical correlates of addiction (Gerard and Kornetsky, 1955 ;Monroe, Ross, and Berzins, 1971). Only the most recent past studies have been conducted with the focus on the normal' psychological as well as the psychiatric attributes of the addict (Bewley, 1967;Cockett, 1971 ;Halstead and Neal, 1968;Kleckner, 1968).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Personality Characteristics of Heroin Addicts in a Methadone Treatment Program: An Exploratory Study

Cryns

1974

International Journal of the Addictions

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The Decline of the Addict as “Psychopath”: Implications for Community Care

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Heroin Addict Methadone Maintenance Applicants

Personality Characteristics in a Sample of Heroin Addict Methadone Maintenance Applicants

MMPI and Pyp Prediction compared to Base Rate Prediction of Six‐month Behavioral Outcome for Methadone Patients*

Personality Characteristics of Heroin Addicts in a Methadone Treatment Program: An Exploratory Study

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