The Decline of Rockhopper Penguins<i>Eudyptes chrysocome</i>at Campbell Island, Southern Ocean and the Influence of Rising Sea Temperatures

Cunningham, Duncan M.; Moors, P. J.

doi:10.1071/mu9940027

Cited by 82 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Populations of black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses together with that of rockhopper penguins have declined dramatically since the 1940s at Campbell Island (Cunningham & Moors 1994;Waugh et al 1999b). Whatever are possible explanations for these declines (mortality on longlines and global wanning for albatrosses and penguins, respectively) (Cunningham & Moors 1994;Waugh et al 1999b), the high reliance of birds on southern blue whiting during chick rearing has implications for the management of the fish stocks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…data) and rockhopper penguins {Eudyptes chrysocome) (Marchant & Higgins 1990;Cunningham & Moors 1994) breeding at Campbell Island. The limited foraging range of penguins during chick rearing and their diving ability (Cherel et al in press) further suggest that southern blue whiting aggregations may be localised in the upper 50 m of the water column around Campbell Island.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Albatross predation of juvenile southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) on the Campbell Plateau

Cherel¹,

Waugh

Hanchet

1999

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Dietary samples collected at Campbell Island in summer 1997 indicate that southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) formed the bulk of the food of black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys impavida) during the chick-rearing period. Birds preyed upon a single size class of fish with a mode at 80-90 mm standard length; fish were 4-5 months old and belonged to the 0+ age group. Satellite tracking showed that, when performing trips of short duration, adult albatrosses foraged within the 1000 m depth contour in the subantarctic zone north of Campbell Island. The feeding ecology of albatrosses thus suggests that juvenile (0+) southern blue whiting are pelagic and occur in dense schools in the top 5 m of the water column over the Campbell Plateau during the summer months. The high reliance of birds on juvenile southern blue whiting during the chick-rearing period has implications for the management of the southern blue whiting fishery and the conservation of black-browed albatrosses and other marine predators occurring in the New Zealand subantarctic area. M98078

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Albatross predation of juvenile southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) on the Campbell Plateau

Cherel¹,

Waugh

Hanchet

1999

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…In turn, the latter resulted in earlier egg-laying dates with increased clutch masses (Dehnhard et al 2015b) and an overall higher breeding success (Crawford et al 2008). However, over the past decades, the global Rockhopper Penguin population has significantly decreased (Pütz et al 2013), with declines related to both decreasing (Guinard et al 1998) or increasing SST (Cunningham and Moors 1994;Thompson and Sagar 2002;Hilton et al 2006;Raya Rey et al 2007), indicating that these birds are highly sensitive to changes in SST in either direction. As a specific example, in 2016, a mass mortality occurred in SRP in the Falklands during the molting period, which was attributed to pre-molt starvation following much colder than usual sea temperatures, which in turn was assumed to have resulted in reduced food availability (Crofts and Stanworth 2017;Morgenthaler et al 2018).…”

Section: Trip Duration and Sstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

Pütz¹,

Harris

Ratcliffe

et al. 2018

Polar Biol

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Environmental changes often affect the persistence of species or populations at different spatial and temporal scales. Thus, species must either adapt to these changes or experience negative impacts at the individual or population levels. Southern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome are distributed throughout the Southern Ocean and have experienced substantial declines in the past which were linked to various anthropogenic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins at Berkeley Sound, East Falkland, Falkland/ Malvinas Islands, during incubation, a period at-sea which is crucial for replenishing body condition between two extended fasting periods ashore. Thus, birds are forced to forage efficiently during that time to balance their energy demands. We linked their at-sea distribution and foraging behavior to satellite-derived sea surface temperatures and temperature-depth profiles which were recorded by devices attached to the birds. While Southern Rockhopper Penguins usually travel several hundreds of km out into the open sea on multiple-day trips during incubation, we found in our study that most birds foraged close inshore, less than 9 km away from their colony, and regularly returned to their breeding site. We propose that this behavior occurred in response to the close proximity of the 8 °C SST isotherm and the vertical stratification of the waters therein. Also, while usually feeding pelagically in open waters, there are strong indications that Southern Rockhopper Penguins performed benthic or, at least, near-bottom dives to catch their prey during these short trips. The consequences of this behavioral plasticity in response to variations in sea temperatures and inferred prey availability are discussed, especially with regard to predicted global climate change.

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“…occurring listed as Vulnerable, and gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua listed as Near Threatened (BirdLife International 2000). The population of eastern rockhopper penguins E. chrysocome filholi apparently has decreased at Marion Island (Cooper et al 1997, Crawford et al 2003b, and the species has experienced large decreases at several other localities (Cunningham andMoors 1994, Bingham 1998), leading to requests for South Africa to obtain a current estimate for the Prince Edward Island population (Ellis et al 1998). In this paper, the first midsummer counts of surface-nesting seabirds breeding at Prince Edward Island are reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Counts of Surface-nesting Seabirds Breeding at Prince Edward Island, Summer 2001/02

Ryan¹,

Cooper²,

Dyer³

et al. 2003

African Journal of Marine Science

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The Decline of Rockhopper PenguinsEudyptes chrysocomeat Campbell Island, Southern Ocean and the Influence of Rising Sea Temperatures

Cited by 82 publications

References 13 publications

Albatross predation of juvenile southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) on the Campbell Plateau

Albatross predation of juvenile southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) on the Campbell Plateau

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

Counts of Surface-nesting Seabirds Breeding at Prince Edward Island, Summer 2001/02

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