The Decline of Aristocracy in the Politics of New York

Fox, Dixon Ryan; Remini, Robert V.

doi:10.7312/fox-93290

Cited by 19 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…More work is needed to investigate possible impact of this violation. A solution would be to replace the observed sum score by a latent variable which is linked to question-specific scores via an item response theory model, see Fox (2010) who discusses a linear mixed-effects model for longitudinal MMSE data, or Klein Entink et al. (2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change point models for cognitive tests using semi-parametric maximum likelihood

Hout¹,

Muniz‐Terrera²,

Matthews³

2013

Computational Statistics & Data Analysis

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Random-effects change point models are formulated for longitudinal data obtained from cognitive tests. The conditional distribution of the response variable in a change point model is often assumed to be normal even if the response variable is discrete and shows ceiling effects. For the sum score of a cognitive test, the binomial and the beta-binomial distributions are presented as alternatives to the normal distribution. Smooth shapes for the change point models are imposed. Estimation is by marginal maximum likelihood where a parametric population distribution for the random change point is combined with a non-parametric mixing distribution for other random effects. An extension to latent class modelling is possible in case some individuals do not experience a change in cognitive ability. The approach is illustrated using data from a longitudinal study of Swedish octogenarians and nonagenarians that began in 1991. Change point models are applied to investigate cognitive change in the years before death.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%