The decline in serum choline concentration in humans during and after surgery is associated with the elevation of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin and β-endorphin concentrations

İlçöl, Yeşim Özarda; Özyurt, Gürayten; Kılıçturgay, Sadık; Uncu, Gürkan; Ulus, İsmail H.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00171-4

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Circulating levels of β-endorphin are significantly elevated following muscle injury, fixed-pressure hemorrhagic shock and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in animal models, which serves as an index of endogenous opioid system activation [159]. Similar stress-induced elevations in the production and release of endogenous opioids have been demonstrated in clinical studies, oral surgery [160] as well as gynaecological and abdominal surgeries [161, 162] that resulted in increased β-endorphin levels in patients. Stress-induced analgesia can be partially reversed by the broad-spectrum opioid antagonist naloxone [163], further emphasizing the involvement of endogenous opioids in this process.…”

Section: Advances In Research On Opioid Receptor Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Research on Opioid Receptor Function

Feng

He²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

CDT

284

186

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The use of opioid analgesics has a long history in clinical settings, although the comprehensive action of opioid receptors is still less understood. Nonetheless, recent studies have generated fresh insights into opioid receptor-mediated functions and their underlying mechanisms. Three major opioid receptors (μ-opioid receptor, MOR; δ-opioid receptor, DOR; and κ-opioid receptor, KOR) have been cloned in many species. Each opioid receptor is functionally sub-classified into several pharmacological subtypes, although, specific gene corresponding each of these receptor subtypes is still unidentified as only a single gene has been isolated for each opioid receptor. In addition to pain modulation and addiction, opioid receptors are widely involved in various physiological and pathophysiological activities, including the regulation of membrane ionic homeostasis, cell proliferation, emotional response, epileptic seizures, immune function, feeding, obesity, respiratory and cardiovascular control as well as some neurodegenerative disorders. In some species, they play an essential role in hibernation. One of the most exciting findings of the past decade is the opioid-receptor, especially DOR, mediated neuroprotection and cardioprotection. The up-regulation of DOR expression and DOR activation increase the neuronal tolerance to hypoxic/ischemic stress. The DOR signal triggers (depending on stress duration and severity) different mechanisms at multiple levels to preserve neuronal survival, including the stabilization of homeostasis and increased pro-survival signaling (e.g., PKC-ERK-Bcl 2) and anti-oxidative capacity. In the heart, PKC and KATP channels are involved in the opioid receptor-mediated cardioprotection. The DOR-mediated neuroprotection and cardioprotection have the potential to significantly alter the clinical pharmacology in terms of prevention and treatment of life-threatening conditions like stroke and myocardial infarction. The main purpose of this article is to review the recent work done on opioids and their receptor functions. It shall provide an informative reference for better understanding the opioid system and further elucidation of the opioid receptor function from a physiological and pharmacological point of view.

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Section: Advances In Research On Opioid Receptor Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Research on Opioid Receptor Function

Feng

He²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

CDT

284

186

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“…The effect of psychological stress on one-carbon metabolism during development has not been studied. However, a relation between activation of the HPA axis (cortisol) and declining choline levels has been reported in adults (Ozarda Ilcol, Ozyurt, Kilicturgay, Uncu, & Ulus, 2002). The decline in serum choline concentration in humans during and after surgery is associated with the elevation of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, and beta-endorphin concentrations.…”

Section: Stress (Animal Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Review: Maternal prenatal distress and poor nutrition – mutually influencing risk factors affecting infant neurocognitive development

Monk

Georgieff

Osterholm³

2012

Child Psychology Psychiatry

218

221

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Background Accumulating data from animal and human studies indicate that the prenatal environment plays a significant role in shaping children’s neurocognitive development. Clinical, epidemiologic, and basic science research suggests that two experiences relatively common in pregnancy — an unhealthy maternal diet and psychosocial distress — significantly affect children’s future neurodevelopment. These prenatal experiences exert their influence in the context of one another and yet, almost uniformly, are studied independently. Scope and Method of Review In this review, we suggest that studying neurocognitive development in children in relation to both prenatal exposures is ecologically most relevant, and methodologically most sound. To support this approach, we selectively review two research topics that demonstrate the need for dual exposure studies, including exemplar findings on (1) the associations between pregnant women’s inadequate maternal intake of key nutrients – protein, fat, iron, zinc, and choline – as well as distress in relation to overlapping effects on children’s neurocognitive development; and (2) cross-talk between the biology of stress and nutrition that can amplify each experience for the mother and fetus,. We also consider obstacles to this kind of study design, such as questions of statistical methods for ‘disentangling’ the exposure effects, and aim to provide some answers. Conclusion Studies that specifically include both exposures in their design can begin to determine the relative and/or synergistic impact of these prenatal experiences on developmental trajectories — and thereby contribute most fully to the understanding of the early origins of health and disease.

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“…Serum choline levels are significantly elevated in pregnant women (17.1 ± 15 vs 12.6 ± 0.7 µmol/l in nonpregnant women) and fall to normal levels after delivery [40]. The studies in pregnancy, surgery and brain injury suggest that neuroendocrine hormones, including cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin and b-endorphin, are involved in regulating SCho in health and disease [47,48]. With respect to choline testing in ACS, it is important to note that stress hormones are not responsible for the increase of choline because they actually cause a concentration decrease as has been demonstrated after major surgery [48].…”

Section: Choline Values In Health Acs and Other Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies in pregnancy, surgery and brain injury suggest that neuroendocrine hormones, including cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin and b-endorphin, are involved in regulating SCho in health and disease [47,48]. With respect to choline testing in ACS, it is important to note that stress hormones are not responsible for the increase of choline because they actually cause a concentration decrease as has been demonstrated after major surgery [48]. However, the decrease of choline in response to specific stress situations may be a contributing factor leading to a significant decline of choline in serial sampling in severe acute disease.…”

Section: Choline Values In Health Acs and Other Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%