The decarbonisation of the maritime sector: Horizon 2050

Abstract

The decarbonisation of the maritime sector is one of the world’s priorities to reduce the volume of polluting emissions. The basis of this decarbonisation is the adaptation of existing ships to emission control regulations by means of transformations, installation of new equipment, development of new low-emission fuels and development of the infrastructure that makes the supply of this new generation of fuels feasible. In addition, hydrogen is the energy vector for all these new technologies, and its role over the next 30 years needs to be addressed. In a changing global situation such as the one we are currently experiencing; this article has the objective of making a review paper on the different fuels currently being used in the maritime sector and the existing alternatives. It also discusses the situation and the impact the current environmental situation has on the world ship order book, both in terms of legislation and economics. As a conclusion, the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) will have a very important role to play as a bridge between the current situation and the development of hydrogen technology. Hydrogen is an energy vector that can achieve the decarbonisation objectives by 2050. Storage problems, lack of infrastructures to supply it and the development of technology and regulations are the major challenges it will have to face. Biofuels also present a serious proposal for the decarbonisation of the sector, and the role of hydrogen in their composition, is essential to achieve green fuel generation.

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“…Technical measures are design related and therefore more favourable for new ships. These measures refer to windassisted propulsion, fuel type change [10,16,19], waste heat recovery [12], upgrading and maintenance of propulsion system, hull retrofit (bulb and/or stern modification, installation of energy saving devices [10], etc.…”

“…factor is calculated as mean value of the equations obtained by Grigson, Wright, and Conn and Ferguson given in [51]: (19). …”